Otoniel Rodrigues Dos Anjos Junior , Juliane da Silva Ciríaco, Sandro Pereira Silva, Julyan Gleyvison Machado Gouveia Lins, Cinthia Barbosa Sousa

Insegurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil: Fatores determinantes e diferenças em domicílios urbanos e rurais

Introduction

Insegurança alimentar e nutricional no brasil: fatores determinantes e diferenças em domicílios urbanos e rurais . Analise a insegurança alimentar e nutricional (IAN) no Brasil. Estudo compara prevalência e fatores em domicílios urbanos e rurais, destacando renda, escolaridade e estrutura familiar.

Abstract

O Brasil é um dos principais produtores agrícolas do mundo, mas a fome continua sendo uma realidade para uma parcela importante dos brasileiros. Por isso, a segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) tem sido amplamente discutida no país. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar e nutricional (IAN) da população brasileira, diferenciando entre áreas urbanas e rurais. Para isso, utilizou-se um modelo logit multinomial com dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) de 2023. Os resultados mostram que aumento de renda per capita, maior escolaridade do chefe do domicílio e ser da cor branca diminuem a probabilidade de IAN na população. Já lares monoparentais chefiados por mulheres e com mais crianças enfrentam maiores níveis de IAN. Finalmente, a IAN no meio rural, sobretudo em sua forma mais severa, apresenta-se, em termos médios, mais branda comparativamente ao ocorrido nas áreas urbanas.

Review

This study tackles a critically important and paradoxical issue in Brazil, where significant agricultural production coexists with persistent food insecurity for a substantial portion of the population. The paper's objective to analyze the prevalence and determinants of food and nutrition insecurity (FNI), with a particular focus on differentiating between urban and rural households, is highly relevant and contributes valuable insights to the ongoing national discourse on this topic. The use of recent, nationally representative data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) for 2023 ensures the timeliness and empirical robustness of the analysis. Methodologically, the application of a multinomial logit model is well-suited for examining the various degrees of FNI. The findings largely confirm expected relationships, identifying increased per capita income and higher educational attainment of the household head as protective factors against FNI. Conversely, the study robustly highlights the heightened vulnerability of female-headed single-parent households and those with a greater number of children, underscoring critical demographic risk factors. The finding that individuals identifying as white have a lower probability of FNI further emphasizes deep-seated socio-racial inequalities. Perhaps the most intriguing result, which warrants further exploration, is the observation that FNI in rural areas, particularly in its most severe forms, appears to be less pronounced on average compared to urban settings. While the quantitative analysis is thorough and the findings are significant, the paper could benefit from a deeper qualitative discussion or a more explicit exploration of the mechanisms driving some of the nuanced results. For instance, elaborating on the potential explanations for the comparatively milder severe FNI in rural areas versus urban ones could provide critical context and open avenues for more targeted interventions. Similarly, a more direct discussion of the policy implications stemming from the distinct urban-rural patterns and the identified demographic vulnerabilities (e.g., female-headed households, children, racial disparities) would enhance the paper's practical impact. Despite these minor suggestions, this study offers a compelling and timely contribution to understanding the complex landscape of food insecurity in Brazil, providing a strong empirical basis for future research and policy development.

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