Anggie Puspitasari, Oktia Woro Kasmini Handayani, Sofwan Indarjo

The Relationship between Adolescent Girls' Lifestyle and the Incidence of Anemia in High School Students in Cirebon City

Introduction

The relationship between adolescent girls' lifestyle and the incidence of anemia in high school students in cirebon city. Adolescent girls' lifestyle, especially diet (energy, protein, iron) and rest patterns, significantly impacts anemia in Cirebon high school students. Energy intake is the main factor.

Abstract

Anemia is still one of the health problems in society, especially adolescent girls. The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls in Cirebon City in 2023 was 36.6%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the lifestyle of adolescent girls and the incidence of anemia in high school students in Cirebon City. The method used in this study is observational analytic using a cross-sectional design. The sample used in this study was 116 adolescent girls. Data collection was carried out by means of structured interviews using questionnaires and checking Hb levels using auto check. Data analysis used includes univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariate analysis using the logistic regression test. This study shows the results of a significant relationship between dietary patterns including energy consumption p = (0.001), protein consumption p = (0.009), iron consumption p = (0.001), rest patterns p (0.010) with the incidence of anemia and there is no significant relationship between physical activity patterns p = (0.331) with the incidence of anemia. Logistic regression test in multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factor on anemia was the energy consumption diet with OR 7.305. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet including energy, protein and iron consumption and rest patterns with the incidence of anemia and the most influential factor on the incidence of anemia is energy consumption.

Review

This study addresses a highly relevant public health issue, namely the persistent challenge of anemia among adolescent girls, a concern underscored by the significant prevalence rate of 36.6% in Cirebon City. The authors clearly outline their objective to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and anemia incidence using a sound observational analytic, cross-sectional design. The methodology appears robust, employing a sufficient sample size of 116 participants, and combining subjective data (structured interviews via questionnaires) with objective measures (Hb level checks using auto check), which enhances the credibility of the findings. The application of both bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses is appropriate for exploring associations and identifying the most influential factors. The abstract effectively presents the key findings, indicating a significant relationship between several dietary patterns (energy, protein, and iron consumption) and rest patterns with the incidence of anemia. It is also important to note the specific finding that physical activity patterns did not show a significant relationship, which helps to refine the focus of potential interventions. Crucially, the multivariate analysis highlights energy consumption as the most influential factor, with a substantial odds ratio of 7.305. While the results are clearly stated, the abstract could benefit from a brief elaboration on what constitutes 'poor' or 'unhealthy' consumption in terms of energy, protein, and iron, or 'inadequate' rest patterns within the context of the study's measurements. This additional detail would provide a more nuanced understanding of the specific lifestyle aspects requiring attention. In conclusion, this research provides valuable, locally relevant data on the determinants of anemia among adolescent girls in Cirebon City. The findings strongly suggest that public health interventions should prioritize nutritional education, specifically focusing on adequate energy, protein, and iron intake, alongside promoting healthy rest habits. The identification of energy consumption as the most influential factor offers a clear target for such programs. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, future research could consider longitudinal designs to establish causality more definitively. Additionally, exploring the underlying socio-cultural factors that influence these lifestyle choices could further enhance the effectiveness of intervention strategies.

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