Aprilia Pratiwi, Mahsa Elvina Rahmawyanet, Prasetyo Adi Wibowo Putra, Dana Indra Sensuse

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDONESIA’S PUBLIC SECTOR: REIMAGINING DIGITAL GOVERNMENT

Introduction

Systematic literature review on artificial intelligence in indonesia’s public sector: reimagining digital government. Explore AI's role in Indonesia's public sector digital government. This SLR identifies key challenges & success factors, proposing strategies for adaptive, inclusive AI e-government. Essential for policymakers.

Abstract

This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to critically examine the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-government within the Indonesian public sector. Addressing the limited empirical research and fragmented understanding of AI adoption in Indonesia’s digital governance landscape, this review analyzes 22 peer reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 from reputable databases including Scopus, IEEE, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, and Emerald Insight. The review identifies adaptability and innovation, ethical consideration, collaboration and partnership as the most frequently cited critical success factors. Meanwhile, the top three recurring challenges are lack of awareness, skill & expertise, policy or legal uncertainty, resistance to change. To address these challenges, the study proposes a multi dimensional AI implementation strategy focusing on strengthening digital infrastructure, developing human capital through sustained capacity building, formulating clear and accountable AI governance policies, and fostering inclusive, cross sectoral stakeholder engagement. This study offers novel insights by mapping AI related factors into the Technology,Organization, Environment (TOE) framework and synthesizing practical, context-specific recommendations for Indonesian policymakers seeking to build an adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable AI based e-government ecosystem

Review

This systematic literature review comprehensively examines the nascent landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) application in e-government within Indonesia's public sector. Addressing a critical need for consolidated empirical research and a fragmented understanding, the study meticulously analyzes 22 recent peer-reviewed articles from prominent academic databases to identify key trends, success factors, and impediments. The authors effectively delineate adaptability and innovation, ethical considerations, and collaboration and partnership as paramount critical success factors for AI adoption. Conversely, the review pinpoints a lack of awareness, insufficient skills and expertise, policy or legal uncertainty, and resistance to change as the foremost challenges hindering successful AI implementation in the Indonesian context. A significant strength of this research lies in its rigorous Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, drawing from a diverse array of reputable databases (Scopus, IEEE, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight) to ensure broad coverage and scholarly robustness. The study makes a notable theoretical contribution by systematically mapping the identified AI-related factors onto the Technology, Organization, Environment (TOE) framework. This novel application provides a structured lens through which to understand the multifaceted dynamics of AI integration, moving beyond fragmented perspectives. By synthesizing these insights, the paper offers a much-needed comprehensive understanding of the current state and future trajectory of digital governance in Indonesia, thereby advancing both academic discourse and practical policy discussions. The practical implications of this review are substantial, offering a clear and actionable multi-dimensional AI implementation strategy for Indonesian policymakers. The proposed framework, which emphasizes strengthening digital infrastructure, human capital development through sustained capacity building, formulating clear and accountable AI governance policies, and fostering inclusive, cross-sectoral stakeholder engagement, provides a robust roadmap for overcoming identified challenges. These context-specific recommendations are crucial for developing an adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable AI-based e-government ecosystem. Ultimately, this SLR serves as an invaluable resource for stakeholders aiming to strategically reimagine and advance digital government in Indonesia through informed and ethical AI integration.

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