Khairunnas Ahmad, Saiful Saiful, Syahrun Nur Abdulmadjid, Siswoyo Prasetyo

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Coupled with PCA and PLS for Identification and Adulteration Detection of Halal Meat Products

Introduction

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs) coupled with pca and pls for identification and adulteration detection of halal meat products. Detect pork adulteration in halal meat using LIBS coupled with PCA and PLS. This study offers an accurate and reliable method for identifying various meat types and ensuring product authenticity in Indonesia.

Abstract

Pork adulteration in halal meat is a significant issue in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for accurate methods to ensure product authenticity and protect consumers. This study aims to identify various meat products and evaluate the use of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) for detecting meat adulteration. Samples were collected from various sources and analyzed using LIBS, with PCA used to distinguish meat species qualitatively and PLS to assess adulteration quantitatively. LIBS effectively distinguishes meat types, while PCA successfully identifies meat samples based on the intensity of the elemental compositions. PLS achieves high accuracy R2 > 0.99 in detecting pork adulteration in beef, buffalo, mutton, and chicken, surpassing single-line emission regression methods with low LOD (2.65%, 4.69%, 2.38%, and 3.41%) and LOQ (8.08%, 14.23%, 7.23%, and 10.34%) values. This study demonstrates that LIBS combined with PCA and PLS is a feasible and accurate method for identifying various meat types and detecting pork adulteration. The approach offers a reliable solution for addressing meat adulteration issues and ensuring halal application of LIBS with PCA and PLS for pork detection and quantification in halal meat product compliance.

Review

The submitted manuscript presents a timely and highly relevant study addressing the critical issue of pork adulteration in halal meat products, particularly in the Indonesian context. The authors propose and validate a robust approach utilizing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with advanced chemometric methods, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS), for both qualitative identification of meat species and quantitative detection of adulteration. This work offers a significant advancement in analytical techniques for food authenticity, demonstrating a reliable and accurate solution to a pressing consumer and regulatory concern. The methodological design is sound, leveraging the rapid multi-elemental analysis capability of LIBS with the powerful classification and regression strengths of PCA and PLS. The abstract clearly indicates that LIBS effectively distinguishes various meat types, with PCA successfully identifying samples based on elemental composition intensities. A particularly strong aspect is the quantitative performance of PLS, which achieves impressive accuracy (R2 > 0.99) in detecting pork adulteration across multiple meat matrices (beef, buffalo, mutton, chicken). The reported low Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ) for various adulteration scenarios, along with the superior performance compared to traditional single-line emission regression methods, underscore the robustness and practical applicability of this combined approach. This study makes a valuable contribution to the field of food forensics and halal certification. The demonstrated feasibility and high accuracy of LIBS combined with PCA and PLS provide a reliable, rapid, and potentially cost-effective method for ensuring the authenticity and compliance of halal meat products. The findings are particularly impactful for regulatory bodies, food producers, and consumers in regions like Indonesia where halal integrity is paramount. This paper represents a well-executed and highly promising application of advanced analytical techniques, offering a practical solution for addressing meat adulteration issues and supporting halal compliance.

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