I Kadek Ardi Putra, Wahyudi Arimbawa, I Gusti Ngurah Made Wiratama

EVALUASI STATUS MUTU AIR SUNGAI TUKAD OOS KABUPATEN GIANYAR

Introduction

Evaluasi status mutu air sungai tukad oos kabupaten gianyar. Evaluasi mutu air Sungai Tukad Oos, Gianyar, berdasar parameter fisik, kimia, biologi. Hasil "baik" namun perlu monitoring & pengelolaan DAS terpadu cegah degradasi.

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality status of the Tukad Oos River in Gianyar Regency based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters, namely temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate, and coliform. The research was motivated by increasing anthropogenic activities, such as domestic waste disposal, which potentially degrade river water quality. Sampling was carried out at six points representing the upstream, middle, and downstream segments during two observation periods using the grab sampling method. Laboratory analyses were conducted with reference to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, while the water quality status was assessed using the Pollution Index (PI) method based on Class II water quality standards according to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The results showed that temperature 24–30°C, TSS <2–8 mg/L, pH 6.5–8, BOD 2.0–2.7 mg/L, and COD 12–24 mg/L were still below the allowable thresholds, and the PI values ranged from 0.623 to 0.770, indicating that all river segments were categorized as “good” or “unpolluted.” However, there was a tendency for increased temperature, COD, and coliform levels in the downstream segment due to domestic and agricultural activities. This indicates the need for future anticipation efforts through routine monitoring and integrated watershed management to prevent further degradation.

Review

This study provides a timely and relevant assessment of the water quality status of the Tukad Oos River in Gianyar Regency, a crucial undertaking given the escalating anthropogenic pressures from domestic and agricultural activities. The research systematically evaluated a comprehensive suite of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, including temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate, and coliform, across six strategic sampling points representing different river segments. The methodological approach, incorporating grab sampling, laboratory analysis adhering to Standard Methods, and utilizing the Pollution Index (PI) method against Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 Class II water quality standards, offers a sound framework for characterizing the river's current condition. The findings offer a mixed yet insightful perspective on the river's health. Quantitatively, the study indicates that many parameters, such as temperature, TSS, pH, BOD, and COD, remain below allowable thresholds, and the overall PI values (ranging from 0.623 to 0.770) categorize all river segments as "good" or "unpolluted." However, a significant finding is the observed tendency for increased temperature, COD, and coliform levels in the downstream segment. This subtle but critical trend is rightly attributed to the influence of domestic and agricultural activities, suggesting localized impacts that could escalate if left unaddressed, despite the generally favorable aggregate pollution index. This research serves as a valuable baseline study and an important early warning for potential future degradation of the Tukad Oos River. The identification of increasing pollutant indicators downstream, even within an overall "good" classification, highlights the incipient pressures on the ecosystem. While robust in its current scope, future work could potentially benefit from increased temporal resolution to capture seasonal variations more comprehensively, or a more detailed source apportionment study for the identified pollutants. Nevertheless, the study's call for routine monitoring and integrated watershed management is highly pertinent and provides actionable recommendations for local authorities and stakeholders to safeguard the river's long-term ecological integrity.

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