Siska Rahmawati, Mahalul Azam, RR. Sri Ratna Rahayu

Determinants of Anemia in Pregnant Women in Semarang City in 2023

Introduction

Determinants of anemia in pregnant women in semarang city in 2023. Investigate determinants of anemia in pregnant women in Semarang City. Factors like age, employment, nutritional status, and iron intake significantly impact maternal health.

Abstract

Anemia during pregnancy can lead to serious complications, such as bleeding and premature birth. The prevalence of anemia in Semarang in 2022 reached 15.4%, exceeding the WHO target. This study aims to analyze factors influencing the occurrence of anemia among pregnant women in Semarang in 2023. The study was conducted at five public health centers in Semarang with 183 pregnant women, consisting of 61 with anemia and 122 without anemia. Data were collected from January to July 2024, with analysis using Chi-Square and logistic regression tests. Significant factors associated with anemia included age (p=0.006), employment status (p=0.005), gravidity (p=0.047), ANC history (p=0.036), compliance with iron supplementation (p=0.003), tea/coffee consumption habits (p=0.024), iron intake from food (p=0.033), nutritional status (KEK) (p=0.041), and knowledge about anemia (p=0.009). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=3.09), employment status (OR=0.395), and KEK status (OR=2.99) were higher risks for anemia. Age, employment status, and nutritional status (KEK) are significant factors affecting anemia in pregnant women in Semarang, highlighting the importance of nutritional interventions and health education for pregnant women.

Review

The study, "Determinants of Anemia in Pregnant Women in Semarang City in 2023," tackles a highly relevant public health concern, given the elevated prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the region, which surpasses WHO recommendations. The abstract clearly articulates the study's aim to identify influential factors, employing a substantial sample size of 183 pregnant women across five public health centers. The chosen statistical methods, Chi-Square and logistic regression, are appropriate for exploring a broad spectrum of potential determinants, offering valuable insights into the local context of maternal anemia. A significant strength of this research is its comprehensive investigation into various socio-demographic, health behavior, and lifestyle factors. The identification of age, employment status, gravidity, ANC history, iron supplementation compliance, dietary habits (tea/coffee consumption, iron intake), nutritional status (KEK), and knowledge about anemia as statistically significant factors provides a robust foundation. The multivariate analysis further refines these findings, highlighting age (OR=3.09), employment status (OR=0.395), and KEK status (OR=2.99) as the most critical determinants. The finding that employment status appears protective (OR<1) is particularly intriguing and invites further exploration into the mechanisms through which it mitigates anemia risk. While the study provides valuable insights, the abstract presents some ambiguities that hinder a complete assessment. The discrepancy between the title's focus on "2023" and the "January to July 2024" data collection period raises questions regarding the study design (e.g., retrospective versus concurrent cross-sectional) and the potential for recall bias concerning self-reported variables like dietary habits or knowledge. A clearer description of the methodology would strengthen the interpretation of causality from the identified associations. Despite this, the findings unequivocally highlight the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, emphasizing improved nutritional education, enhanced compliance with iron supplementation, and specific attention to addressing chronic energy deficiency (KEK) among pregnant women in Semarang, especially those in younger age groups or with particular employment circumstances.

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