Amalia Augustina Fadlilah, Irwan Budiono, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Luqman Alwi, Nadiya Arawinda Andar

Association of Headache Syndromes with Hypertension Incidence (Data from SIMPUS Semarang City 2010-2015)

Introduction

Association of headache syndromes with hypertension incidence (data from simpus semarang city 2010-2015). Analyze the association of headache syndromes with hypertension incidence using SIMPUS Semarang City data (2010-2015). Discover epidemiological patterns, gender, and age group differences.

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the serious public health problems facing the world. The prevalence of hypertension in Semarang City increased in 2013 by 27.1% to 37.02% in 2018. This prevalence rate has not reached the target of the Semarang City SDG's related to the hypertension prevalence rate, which is 25%. Hypertension becomes very dangerous when it is not controlled, because if it occurs for a long time, it can cause complications of the disease. One of the most common comorbidities of primary headache disorders is hypertension. The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiological pattern of hypertension and headache syndromes, as well as the association of headache syndromes with hypertension incidence by gender and age group. This study is a quantitative research with a nested case control study research design, using data from SIMPUS Semarang City from 2010-2015. The variables in this study were hypertension and headache syndromes. The analysis used was univariate (frequency distribution) and bivariate analysis (chi square test). The results of the study show that hypertension is more experienced in women than men. The most cases of hypertension occur in the age group of 50-59 years (men and women). There was a significant relationship between headache syndromes and the incidence of hypertension in the Puskesmas area throughout Semarang City.

Review

This study addresses a highly pertinent public health issue concerning the escalating prevalence of hypertension in Semarang City and its potential association with headache syndromes. The use of real-world data from the SIMPUS database from 2010-2015 provides a valuable local context for understanding a global health challenge. The stated purpose of analyzing epidemiological patterns of both conditions and investigating their association across different demographic groups is clear and directly tackles a significant knowledge gap, particularly in the realm of comorbidities. The focus on a specific timeframe and geographical area enhances the practical applicability of its findings for local health planning and targeted interventions. Methodologically, the choice of a quantitative research design utilizing a nested case-control study is appropriate for investigating associations within existing longitudinal data, offering an efficient approach to explore potential links between headache syndromes and hypertension incidence. However, the abstract could benefit from greater clarity regarding the operational definition of "headache syndromes" and "hypertension incidence" as derived from the SIMPUS data. A more explicit description of how these variables were identified and diagnosed within the dataset is crucial for the replicability and interpretation of the study's findings. While univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analyses are suitable for initial exploratory relationships, the abstract does not mention any adjustment for potential confounders, which is a critical consideration for strengthening the validity of associations in observational studies. The findings that hypertension is more prevalent in women and the 50-59 age group align with general epidemiological trends and offer useful local demographic insights. The central finding of a significant relationship between headache syndromes and the incidence of hypertension is compelling and highlights a potential comorbidity or shared underlying mechanism that warrants further exploration. However, the abstract would be strengthened by providing information on the magnitude and direction of this association (e.g., odds ratio or relative risk), which would offer more actionable insights beyond mere statistical significance. Future research building upon these results should consider adjusting for key confounders and potentially exploring specific headache types to refine the understanding of this complex relationship.

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