Enrique Vazquez Pita

Responsabilidad civil en vehículos autónomos y soluciones jurídicas de la Ley de Inteligencia Artificial (AI Act)

Introduction

Responsabilidad civil en vehículos autónomos y soluciones jurídicas de la ley de inteligencia artificial (ai act). Explora la responsabilidad civil en vehículos autónomos y la insuficiencia de leyes actuales. Propone soluciones jurídicas considerando AVs como robots IA y aplicando derechos humanos.

Abstract

Los problemas teóricos sobre la responsabilidad civil para compensar los daños generados por los coches autónomos (AVs), actualmente en desarrollo, se han intentado resolver aplicando soluciones utilitaristas como el «dilema del tranvía» y recurriendo a la legislación penal de accidentes de tráfico, la cual dentro de unos años se verá superada por un nuevo ecosistema tecnológico que requiere normativas más profundas que los cuatro niveles de riesgo de la AI Act (AIA) de la UE. El presente artículo propone abordar estos conflictos legales con una visión del Derecho que considere al coche autónomo como un robot que opera con Inteligencia Artificial (IA). Otra recomendación es aplicar a los AVs la legislación actual sobre derechos humanos (privacidad, intimidad, discriminación, ciberataques, imprevisibilidad, opacidad).

Review

This article, "Responsabilidad civil en vehículos autónomos y soluciones jurídicas de la Ley de Inteligencia Artificial (AI Act)," tackles a highly pertinent and complex issue: civil liability for damages caused by autonomous vehicles (AVs). The abstract adeptly identifies the limitations of current legal frameworks, such as applying utilitarian solutions like the "dilemma del tranvía" or traditional traffic accident criminal law, which are correctly deemed inadequate for the rapidly evolving technological landscape. It critically notes that even the EU's AI Act, with its four risk levels, may not offer sufficiently profound solutions for the emerging ecosystem, setting a crucial and timely context for the discussion. A core strength of the paper lies in its innovative conceptualization of AVs. By advocating for a legal perspective that considers autonomous vehicles as robots operating with Artificial Intelligence, the author proposes a necessary shift in legal thought, moving beyond traditional interpretations to address the unique complexities of AI-driven systems. This approach promises to unlock new avenues for understanding and assigning liability. Furthermore, the recommendation to integrate existing human rights legislation—covering critical aspects like privacy, intimacy, discrimination, cyberattacks, unpredictability, and opacity—directly into the regulation of AVs is a significant and forward-thinking contribution. This highlights a crucial intersection between technology, law, and fundamental human protections, offering concrete areas for legal application. While the abstract outlines a compelling conceptual framework, the practical implications of classifying AVs as AI-powered robots and directly applying human rights legislation would benefit from further detailed exploration within the full paper. For instance, addressing how specific articles of human rights law would translate into actionable liability frameworks for AV incidents or detailing the mechanisms for enforcement would enhance the paper's practical impact. Nevertheless, this article presents a timely and vital contribution to the discourse on AI ethics and legal responsibility, laying foundational groundwork for a more comprehensive and human-centric legal approach to autonomous technologies.

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