Elga Renjana

Potensi fitoremediasi tanah tercemar arsenik koleksi tumbuhan paku kebun Raya Purwodadi

Introduction

Potensi fitoremediasi tanah tercemar arsenik koleksi tumbuhan paku kebun raya purwodadi. Ungkap potensi fitoremediasi tanah tercemar arsenik oleh tumbuhan paku koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Pteris vittata terbukti hiperakumulator efektif untuk rehabilitasi tanah.

Abstract

Berbagai aktivitas manusia seperti perindustrian, pertambangan, pertanian, dan sebagainya telah menyebakan peningkatan pencemaran logam berat pada lingkungan. Tanah merupakan komponen abiotik yang paling sering mengalami kontaminasi logam berat akibat aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut. Pencemaran arsenik (As) saat ini paling banyak disoroti di Asia Tenggara karena dapat mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem dan mengancam kesehatan manusia. Fitoremediasi merupakan salah satu teknologi remediasi logam berat di lingkungan tercemar dengan memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai agen utamanya. Beberapa penelitian telah mengungkap bahwa tumbuhan paku dapat mengakumulasi As ke dalam jaringan tubuhnya. Sekitar 36 jenis tumbuhan paku telah dikonservasi secara ex situ di Kebun Raya Purwodadi (KRP). Namun saat ini belum terdapat informasi tentang potensi koleksi tersebut sebagai agen fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap potensi fitoremediasi tanah tercemar As oleh koleksi tumbuhan paku KRP. Penelitian diawali dengan menginventarisasi data jenis koleksi tumbuhan paku KRP. Penelusuran informasi potensi akumulasi As dilakukan dengan metode studi pustaka. Sekitar tujuh jenis koleksi tumbuhan paku KRP diketahui berpotensi mengakumulasi As, yaitu Asplenium nidus, Diplazium esculentum, Equisetum ramosissimum, Nephrolepis biserrata, N. cordifolia, Psilotum nudum, dan Pteris vittata. Kemampuan fitoremediasi paling baik dimiliki oleh P. vittata karena mampu mengakumulasi As dengan konsentrasi mencapai 5877 mg/kg di bagian daun dan 2643 mg/kg di bagian akarnya. Proses akumulasi terjadi melalui penyerapan dan translokasi As pada vakuola sel akar maupun daun dengan mekanisme khusus yang melibatkan transporter spesifik. Oleh karena itu, P. vittata merupakan tumbuhan paku hiperakumulator yang patut direkomendasikan untuk kegiatan rehabilitasi, reklamasi, dan restorasi tanah tercemar As.

Review

The study "Potensi fitoremediasi tanah tercemar arsenik koleksi tumbuhan paku kebun Raya Purwodadi" addresses a critical environmental issue: the increasing contamination of soil by heavy metals, particularly arsenic (As), due to various anthropogenic activities. This problem is especially pressing in Southeast Asia, where As pollution poses significant threats to ecosystem balance and human health. The paper positions phytoremediation, utilizing plants as biological agents, as a promising and sustainable technology for mitigating such contamination. By focusing on the underexplored potential of ferns, known for their ability to accumulate As, and specifically leveraging the *ex situ* collection at Purwodadi Botanical Garden (KRP), the research effectively identifies a knowledge gap regarding the phytoremediation capabilities of these conserved species. The methodology employed involved an initial inventory of KRP's fern collection, followed by a thorough literature review to ascertain the As accumulation potential of identified species. This systematic approach led to the discovery of seven fern species within the KRP collection with known potential for arsenic uptake, including *Asplenium nidus*, *Diplazium esculentum*, and notably, *Pteris vittata*. The findings strongly indicate that *P. vittata* exhibits superior phytoremediation capacity, demonstrating remarkable As accumulation levels of up to 5877 mg/kg in its leaves and 2643 mg/kg in its roots. The abstract further elucidates that this accumulation occurs through specific absorption and translocation mechanisms, involving dedicated transporters and sequestration within root and leaf cell vacuoles, confirming *P. vittata*'s classification as an arsenic hyperaccumulator. The identification of *Pteris vittata* as a potent arsenic hyperaccumulator from a conserved collection at Kebun Raya Purwodadi is a significant contribution to both environmental science and botanical conservation. This research not only fills a critical information gap concerning the phytoremediation potential of KRP's fern species but also provides a strong scientific basis for practical applications. The explicit recommendation of *P. vittata* for rehabilitation, reclamation, and restoration activities in As-contaminated soils underscores the direct utility of these findings. This work paves the way for future *in situ* studies and wider implementation of this indigenous hyperaccumulator, offering a cost-effective and ecologically sound solution to a pervasive environmental challenge.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.