Joanne Valen Kipuw, Ari Wibawa Santoso, Hartono Yudo

Pengaruh Variasi Bentuk Kampuh Dengan Proses Post Weld Heat Treatment Annealing Pengelasan SMAW Baja SS400 Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Impak

Introduction

Pengaruh variasi bentuk kampuh dengan proses post weld heat treatment annealing pengelasan smaw baja ss400 terhadap kekuatan tarik dan impak. Teliti pengaruh variasi bentuk kampuh (single/double V-Groove) dan PWHT Annealing pada pengelasan SMAW baja SS400 terhadap kekuatan tarik & impak. Temukan hasil optimal untuk material struktural.

Abstract

Baja SS 400 merupakan material struktural yang termasuk baja karbon rendah yang umum dijadikan bahan pembuatan kontruksi terutama pada industri perkapalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari bentuk kampuh berupa single V-Groove dan double V-Groove 65° pengelasan SMAW posisi 1G (Down Hand) yang diberikan perlakuan panas berupa Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Annealing terhadap sifat mekanis baja SS 400. Pengujian tarik dan impak mengacu pada standar ASTM E8 dan ASTM E23. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa double V-Groove dengan PWHT memiliki nilai tegangan tarik 400,48 MPa, nilai regangan tarik 17,5%, nilai modulus elastisitas 26,04 GPa dengan harga impak 0,92 J/mm² sedangkan double V-Groove tanpa PWHT memiliki nilai tegangan tarik 406,12 MPa, nilai regangan tarik 15,5%, nilai modulus elastisitas 27,1 GPa dengan harga impak 0,76 J/mm². Single V-Groove dengan PWHT memiliki nilai tegangan tarik 347,26 MPa, nilai regangan tarik 8%, nilai modulus elastisitas 57,9 GPa dengan harga impak 1,02 J/mm² sedangkan single V-Groove tanpa PWHT memiliki nilai tegangan tarik 370,10 MPa, nilai regangan tarik 4,5%, nilai modulus elastisitas 84,08 GPa dengan harga impak 0,95 J/mm². Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Double V-Groove tanpa PWHT memperoleh nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sedangkan Single V-Groove dengan PWHT memperoleh harga impak tertinggi.

Review

This paper investigates the crucial influence of weld groove geometry and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical properties of SMAW-welded SS400 steel. Given SS400's widespread use as a low-carbon structural steel, particularly in shipbuilding, understanding these parameters is vital for optimizing weld integrity. The study specifically compares single V-groove and double V-groove designs, both with and without annealing PWHT, focusing on their impact on tensile strength, tensile strain, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength. The methodology employed standard SMAW in the 1G position, utilizing 65° single V-groove and double V-groove configurations, with subsequent application of annealing PWHT to a subset of specimens. Mechanical property evaluations adhered to ASTM E8 for tensile testing and ASTM E23 for impact testing. The findings reveal distinct optimal conditions for different properties: double V-groove without PWHT yielded the highest tensile strength (406.12 MPa) with 15.5% strain. Conversely, single V-groove coupled with PWHT resulted in the highest impact strength (1.02 J/mm²), albeit with a lower tensile strength (347.26 MPa) and significantly reduced strain (8%) compared to its non-PWHT counterpart. Interestingly, PWHT generally improved impact strength for both groove types while leading to a reduction in tensile strength for single V-grooves. The research provides valuable insights into tailoring welding procedures for SS400 steel based on specific performance requirements. The conflicting optimal conditions for tensile and impact strength—double V-groove without PWHT for maximum tensile strength and single V-groove with PWHT for maximum impact strength—highlight the inherent trade-offs in material processing. To further enhance this understanding, future work could incorporate microstructural analysis, such as metallography and X-ray diffraction, to correlate the observed mechanical property changes with grain structure, phase transformations, and residual stress variations induced by the different groove geometries and annealing treatments. Such detailed analysis would elucidate the underlying mechanisms and offer a more comprehensive guide for engineers and material scientists in critical applications like shipbuilding, where both strength and toughness are paramount.

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