Pratama Jaya, Taufik Roni Sahroni

Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Industrial Warehouses Using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)

Introduction

Enhancing energy efficiency in industrial warehouses using life cycle cost analysis (lcca). Enhance industrial warehouse energy efficiency by replacing HPL-N lamps with LEDs. LCCA reveals 65% energy reduction and significant cost savings over 11 years at PT XYZ.

Abstract

Industrial warehouses use inefficient lighting systems that occupy a significant portion of energy consumption and operating expenses. The aim of this study is to attain higher energy efficiency and reduce the lighting cost by replacing conventional high-pressure mercury vapor (HPL-N) lamps with LEDs in a warehouse environment. The study employs the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) methodology to evaluate long-term cost-effectiveness and save energy. Data were collected using literature review, field surveys, and light simulation using Dialux software at PT XYZ warehouse in Cilegon, Indonesia, between January and June 2024. Findings reveal that the use of LED lighting, in conjunction with the optimization of the light point number, reduces energy consumption by 65%, saving 121,929.816 kWh of energy annually. Within 11 years, installation of LED saves an amount of Rp 947,683,204 compared to Rp 1,796,422,585 with HPL-N systems—an amount of 50.66% or Rp 848,739,381 saved. The results show the energy and economic benefits of the use of LED in industrial warehouses to be advantageous for national energy saving as well as satisfying light standards.

Review

This study, "Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Industrial Warehouses Using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)," addresses a highly relevant and pressing issue: the significant energy consumption attributable to inefficient lighting systems in industrial warehouses. The authors present a clear objective: to demonstrate the substantial energy and cost savings achievable by replacing conventional high-pressure mercury vapor (HPL-N) lamps with modern LED technology. By employing the robust Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) methodology, the research effectively evaluates the long-term financial viability of such an upgrade. The abstract highlights compelling findings, including a 65% reduction in energy consumption and a significant financial saving of over Rp 848 million over 11 years, underscoring the practical benefits for both individual facilities and national energy goals. The methodology employed, combining literature review, field surveys, and light simulation using Dialux software for a specific warehouse in Indonesia, provides a strong empirical foundation for the claims made. The use of LCCA is particularly commendable as it moves beyond simple payback periods to capture the true long-term economic benefits, including operational and maintenance costs. The quantification of energy savings (121,929.816 kWh annually) and the detailed financial comparison are impressive and lend credibility to the findings. A notable strength is the emphasis not just on LED replacement, but also on the "optimization of the light point number," which suggests a holistic approach to lighting design, ensuring efficiency without compromising light standards. Overall, this paper makes a valuable contribution by providing a concrete, data-driven case study demonstrating the significant advantages of LED lighting upgrades in industrial warehouses, backed by sound economic analysis. The findings offer a compelling argument for facility managers and policymakers alike to prioritize such investments, promoting energy conservation and reducing operating expenses. Future research could expand upon this work by applying the LCCA to a broader range of warehouse types or industries, investigating the influence of varying energy costs and discount rates on the LCCA outcomes, or exploring the integration of intelligent lighting controls to further enhance energy efficiency beyond static optimization.

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