Carlos Petter Timotius, Elisabeth V. Wambrauw, Juliani Wairata

Pengaruh Keberadaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau terhadap Tingkat Karbon Dioksida (Co2) Perkotaan di Kota Jayapura

Introduction

Pengaruh keberadaan ruang terbuka hijau terhadap tingkat karbon dioksida (co2) perkotaan di kota jayapura . Telusuri pengaruh RTH terhadap CO2 perkotaan di Jayapura. Studi ini menunjukkan RTH yang luas & sehat signifikan menurunkan kadar CO2, krusial bagi kualitas udara & pembangunan kota berkelanjutan.

Abstract

Green Open Space (GOS) is an essential element in urban spatial planning that functions to maintain air quality and ecosystem balance. This research aims to analyze the influence of GOS on the concentration levels of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) in the urban area of Jayapura City. The study locations were focused on two areas with distinct characteristics: Jalan Sam Ratulangi, which has high vegetation coverage, and Jalan Percetakan, which is dominated by built-up areas and dense commercial activity. The methods used include spatial analysis utilizing Landsat 8 satellite imagery Band 4 (Red) and Band 5 (NIR) to calculate the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), a vegetation time series analysis from 2019–2024, and direct CO2​ concentration measurements taken at three different times (morning, noon, afternoon). The data was processed using ArcGIS with the Kriging Interpolation method to generate spatial distribution maps of CO2​ in both locations. The results show that Jalan Sam Ratulangi has a GOS area of 6.13 ha (94%), while Jalan Percetakan has only 2.95 ha (31%). This difference significantly impacts CO2​ levels, with an average concentration of 484 ppm at Sam Ratulangi, which is lower than Percetakan's average of 567 ppm. The highest CO2​​ value at Percetakan reached 649 ppm during the afternoon, whereas Sam Ratulangi recorded only 488 ppm. This study proves that the wider and healthier the GOS, the lower the CO2​​ concentration detected. These results demonstrate that vegetation plays a significant role in reducing carbon emissions in urban areas, supporting the crucial role of GOS in maintaining air quality and supporting sustainable urban development in Jayapura City.

Review

This study compellingly investigates the crucial role of Green Open Spaces (GOS) in mitigating urban carbon dioxide (CO2) levels within Jayapura City. The research effectively addresses a highly relevant topic for urban sustainability and public health, setting out to analyze the direct influence of GOS on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The methodology is robust, combining spatial analysis of vegetation cover using Landsat 8 imagery and NDVI calculations, a five-year vegetation time series, and precise direct CO2 measurements across two distinctly different urban sites: one with high GOS coverage (Jalan Sam Ratulangi) and another predominantly built-up (Jalan Percetakan). The clear differentiation of study sites and the use of ArcGIS with Kriging Interpolation to visualize CO2 distribution enhance the study's scientific rigor and interpretability. The findings unequivocally demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between GOS area and CO2 levels, with Sam Ratulangi exhibiting substantially lower CO2 concentrations compared to Percetakan, particularly during peak times. The paper excels in its clear presentation of empirical data supporting the hypothesis that extensive and healthy GOS significantly reduces urban carbon emissions. The comparative design between the two contrasting locations provides strong evidence for the direct impact of vegetation on air quality. Quantifying the GOS area and linking it directly to CO2 concentrations offers valuable, actionable insights for urban planners. While the abstract mentions "vegetation time series analysis from 2019–2024," further details in the full paper on how this longitudinal data was specifically correlated with CO2 changes or GOS health over time would be beneficial, beyond establishing current GOS health. Similarly, while CO2 measurements were taken at different times of day, a deeper analysis of these diurnal patterns in relation to GOS presence beyond just the highest value could enrich the discussion. However, these are minor points that do not detract from the overall strength and clarity of the study's core message. Overall, this research makes a significant contribution to understanding the ecological services provided by urban green infrastructure in tropical cities like Jayapura. The findings provide critical scientific backing for policies advocating for the preservation, expansion, and strategic integration of GOS into urban development plans to foster sustainable cities and improve air quality. For future research, it would be valuable to explore the specific species composition and structural characteristics of the GOS that are most effective in carbon sequestration, as well as investigating the influence of other urban factors (e.g., traffic density, industrial activity) in conjunction with GOS. Expanding the study to a broader range of urban settings and conducting longer-term monitoring would further solidify these important conclusions and provide a more comprehensive understanding of GOS's enduring impact on urban atmospheric CO2.

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