Ezra Al Hasbi, Retno Aryani, Imam Rosadi

PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber Officinale) TERHADAP ALANIN AMINOTRANSFERASE DAN ASPARTAT AMINOTRANSFERASE PADA SERUM DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ASAP ROKOK

Introduction

Pengaruh ekstrak etanol jahe merah (zingiber officinale) terhadap alanin aminotransferase dan aspartat aminotransferase pada serum darah mencit (mus musculus) yang diinduksi asap rokok. Penelitian ini mengkaji efek ekstrak etanol jahe merah (Zingiber officinale) terhadap kadar ALT dan AST pada serum darah mencit yang diinduksi asap rokok. Hasil menunjukkan penurunan AST signifikan.

Abstract

Asap rokok mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya bernama Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), zat tersebut ialah agen radikal bebas yang menyebabkan darah kekurangan oksigen sehingga menimbulkan hipoksiadan menyebabkan nekrosis, sehingga melepaskan enzim transaminase ke peredaran darah. Tanaman obat yang umumnya digunakan oleh masyarakat Kalimantan adalah jahe merah (Zingiber officinale). Kandungan biokimia yang ditemukan pada jahe merah adalah Zingerone sebesar 25,8%, kemudian Zingiberene sebesar 15,9%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak jahe merah terhadap kadar Alanin Aminotransferase (ALT) dan Aspartat Aminotransferase (AST) pada serum darah mencit (Mus musculus) serta berat badan mencit yang diinduksi asap rokok tersebut. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu pemberian ekstrak etanol jahe merah tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan kadar ALT, tetapi berpengaruh signifikan pada penurunan kadar AST. Perubahan berat badan juga berkorelasi dengan kadar ALT dan AST. Ekstrak etanol jahe merah dengan dosis 400mg/kgBB merupakan formulasi ekstrak yang paling efektif untuk menurunkan kadar AST dengan nilai sebesar 96 IU/l. Penelitian ini menunjukkan jika kadar berlebih pada suatu zat yang menyehatkan sekalipun dapat beresiko menimbulkan penyakit lain atau kegagalan dalam penyembuhan.

Review

This study investigates the potential protective effects of red ginger (Zingiber officinale) ethanol extract against liver damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure. The authors appropriately highlight the detrimental impact of cigarette smoke, specifically its Reactive Oxygen Species content, leading to hypoxia, necrosis, and the release of transaminase enzymes like Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). Recognizing red ginger as a traditional medicinal plant rich in compounds such as Zingerone and Zingiberene, the research aims to elucidate its influence on ALT and AST levels, as well as body weight, in a *Mus musculus* model subjected to smoke induction. The experimental design involved administering red ginger ethanol extract to mice previously exposed to cigarette smoke, with subsequent measurement of key biomarkers. The findings reveal a differential impact of the extract on the target enzymes; while no significant effect was observed on the reduction of ALT levels, a statistically significant decrease was noted in AST levels. Furthermore, the study identifies a correlation between changes in body weight and the measured ALT and AST values. Notably, the extract dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was determined to be the most effective formulation for reducing AST to a level of 96 IU/l, suggesting a dose-dependent efficacy for this particular enzyme. The results present an interesting dichotomy, where red ginger extract selectively modulated AST but not ALT, which warrants further mechanistic investigation into the specific pathways affected. The correlation between body weight and liver enzyme levels also adds a valuable dimension to understanding the systemic effects of smoke exposure and potential therapeutic interventions. A critical and insightful conclusion from the authors is the caution that even beneficial substances, when administered in excess, may carry risks of inducing other pathologies or hindering the desired therapeutic outcome. This important statement underscores the necessity for precise dosing and comprehensive safety assessments in phytotherapy. Future research could focus on dose-response relationships for ALT, explore the long-term effects, and delve into the precise mechanisms underlying the observed selective AST reduction and the intriguing "excessive healthy substance" warning.

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