Ahmad Nabil Amir, Tasnim Abdul Rahman, Seyed Mohammad Houshisadat, Musa Adebayo Badrudeen

Muhammad Abduh and the Conception of Science: The Framework of Maqasid and Sharia

Introduction

Muhammad abduh and the conception of science: the framework of maqasid and sharia. Explore Muhammad Abduh's conception of science, integrating rational thought with Islamic values through Qur'anic interpretation. Discover his contribution to modern Islam and intellectual revival.

Abstract

This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach and biographical analysis. Data were collected from Abduh's major theological and scientific works, such as Al-Islām wa al-Naṣrāniyyah ma'a al-'Ilm wa al-Madaniyyah, Tafsīr al-Manār, Tafsīr Juz 'Amma, and Risālat al-Tawḥīd, and supported by relevant secondary literature. The analysis was carried out by examining the main themes related to rational thought, the integration of science and religion, and Abduh's contribution to Islamic modernity. The results of the study show that Abduh made an important contribution in developing a scientific approach to religious texts, especially through the interpretation of the Qur'an which emphasizes the superiority of reason ('aql), freedom of thought (taḥarrur), and rationality. His views not only integrated modern science with Islamic values, but also encouraged the revival of intellectual consciousness and the formation of a dynamic Islamic worldview (weltanschauung). In conclusion, Muhammad Abduh's scientific thought became an important foundation for the renewal of modern Islam. His ideas not only strengthened the rational approach to understanding religious texts, but also provided a new direction for the development of Islamic civilization that was able to dialogue with the progress of science and technology without losing the essence of its spirituality.

Review

This research offers a compelling examination of Muhammad Abduh's profound influence on the conception of science within Islamic thought, framed by the principles of Maqasid and Sharia. Employing a qualitative methodology rooted in library research and biographical analysis, the study meticulously draws upon Abduh's seminal works, including *Al-Islām wa al-Naṣrāniyyah ma'a al-'Ilm wa al-Madaniyyah* and *Tafsīr al-Manār*, alongside relevant secondary literature. The paper's scope is clearly defined, focusing on Abduh's insights into rational thought, the integration of science and religion, and his foundational contributions to Islamic modernity. The study's core strength lies in its elucidation of Abduh's innovative approach to religious texts. It effectively highlights his significant role in developing a scientific interpretive methodology for the Qur'an, characterized by a strong emphasis on *'aql* (reason), *taḥarrur* (freedom of thought), and overall rationality. The research demonstrates how Abduh's vision not only seamlessly integrated modern scientific principles with Islamic values but also ignited a vital revival of intellectual consciousness, culminating in a dynamic Islamic *weltanschauung*. This integration, as presented, serves as a crucial bridge between traditional religious understanding and the demands of modern scientific inquiry. In conclusion, the paper robustly argues that Muhammad Abduh's scientific thought remains an indispensable cornerstone for the renewal of modern Islam. His intellectual legacy, as meticulously explored here, provided a potent framework for a rational understanding of religious texts and forged a new trajectory for Islamic civilization to actively engage with scientific and technological advancements without compromising its spiritual essence. The research thus offers valuable insights into how Abduh's ideas continue to inform and inspire a progressive, reason-driven, and spiritually grounded Islamic identity in the contemporary world.

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