Tarikh Azis Ramadani, Meilinda Eka Fatmawati, Novi Eka Mayangsari, Ulvi Pri Astuti

Moringa Olifera-Based Magnetic Biocoagulant Application to Mitigate Red Congo Parameters

Introduction

Moringa olifera-based magnetic biocoagulant application to mitigate red congo parameters. Discover how Moringa Olifera-based magnetic biocoagulants effectively mitigate Congo Red parameters in water. This study evaluates their efficacy in pollution control via coagulation-flocculation.

Abstract

The population growth rate has been demonstrated to have a direct impact on the increase in pollutant concentrations released into water bodies. One of the pollutants that has been identified in water bodies is congo red. This necessitates the implementation of effective management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of pollutants. A methodology that has been demonstrated to be effective in mitigating the impact of congo red is the coagulation-flocculation process. The objective of this study is to employ biocoagulants and magnetic biocoagulants derived from moringa oleifera as mass separation agents to mitigate the adverse effects of congo red. The effectiveness of the mass separation agents was evaluated with varying initial concentrations of congo red. The augmentation of the initial congo red concentration yielded consistent results for both biocoagulants and magnetic biocoagulants. The highest results were obtained at an initial congo red concentration of 100 ppm, with a value of 97.34% for the magnetic coagulant. The coagulation-flocculation process can occur through several mechanisms, including charge neutralization, floc formation, and sedimentation.

Review

The manuscript presents a timely and relevant investigation into the mitigation of congo red pollution in water bodies, a growing concern directly linked to increasing population and industrial activity. The authors propose the use of *Moringa oleifera*-based biocoagulants, specifically exploring both conventional and magnetic variants, as sustainable mass separation agents within the well-established coagulation-flocculation process. This approach is highly commendable for leveraging a natural, widely available resource for environmental remediation, and the introduction of a magnetic component offers a promising avenue for enhanced separation and recovery post-treatment. The preliminary results, indicating high removal efficiencies, strongly suggest the potential efficacy of this method. A significant strength of this study lies in its demonstration of impressive congo red removal, with the magnetic biocoagulant achieving a remarkable 97.34% at an initial concentration of 100 ppm. This finding underscores the potential of *Moringa oleifera* as a potent natural coagulant, further enhanced by magnetic modification for potentially easier post-treatment separation. The abstract also notes "consistent results" with varying initial congo red concentrations, implying a certain robustness of the developed biocoagulants. The mention of proposed mechanisms such as charge neutralization, floc formation, and sedimentation indicates a foundational understanding of the underlying principles governing the coagulation-flocculation process, providing a theoretical framework for the observed efficacy. While the reported results are promising, the abstract leaves several critical methodological and interpretive gaps that would need thorough elaboration in the full manuscript. Key aspects such as the detailed preparation protocol for both biocoagulant types, the optimal dosage applied, the specific pH conditions, and mixing parameters (speed, duration) are essential for reproducibility and practical application, yet are absent. Furthermore, while "consistent results" are mentioned for varying initial congo red concentrations, the exact nature of this consistency (e.g., whether efficiency was maintained across a broad range or showed specific trends) would benefit from quantitative description. Future work should also consider the broader implications, such as the economic viability, reusability of the magnetic component, and the characteristics of the generated sludge, to fully assess the environmental and practical sustainability of this promising approach.

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