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Literature study: potential of additional technology on conventional motorcycles on reducing the impact of exhaust gas emissions on the environment

Introduction

Literature study: potential of additional technology on conventional motorcycles on reducing the impact of exhaust gas emissions on the environment. This literature study explores additional technologies for conventional motorcycles to reduce exhaust gas emissions (CO, HC) and their environmental impact in Indonesia, combating air pollution.

Abstract

Motorbikes in Indonesia reached 125,305,332 units or 84.5% of total motorized vehicles. Indonesia ranks 26th in the country with the highest level of air pollution in the world. Motor vehicles produce 70-80% air pollution and industry 20-30%. The CO and HC produced are not good for the environment. Reducing exhaust emissions becomes very important by identifying effective additional technologies. The research method used in this research is the literature review method by collecting information and data using various library materials. The results of the literature review show that the addition of technology can reduce exhaust gas emissions in the form of CO and HC. By adding additional technology to motorbikes, of which there are 125,305,332 units or 84.5%, it can reduce the level of air pollution in Indonesia. The use of additional technology on conventional motorbikes has great potential to reduce exhaust emissions which have a negative impact on the environment, but further research is needed to identify effective and economical technology.

Review

The paper, "Literature study: potential of additional technology on conventional motorcycles on reducing the impact of exhaust gas emissions on the environment," addresses a highly relevant and pressing environmental issue: air pollution caused by motorcycle emissions in Indonesia. With a significant majority of motorized vehicles being motorcycles and Indonesia facing substantial air pollution challenges, the study's aim to identify effective additional technologies to reduce exhaust emissions (specifically CO and HC) is pertinent. Employing a literature review methodology, the authors conclude that such technologies hold considerable potential to mitigate environmental impact, offering a valuable initial assessment of a critical problem and proposing a general direction for solutions. A significant strength of this work lies in its focus on a nationally critical environmental concern, grounded in compelling statistics regarding motorcycle prevalence and air pollution levels in Indonesia. The abstract effectively conveys the urgency of reducing exhaust gas emissions from conventional motorcycles, particularly CO and HC, which are major contributors to air pollution. The use of a literature review method is appropriate for establishing a foundational understanding of existing knowledge and potential solutions. The core finding—that additional technologies *can* reduce exhaust gas emissions—is a crucial first step, affirming the viability of this approach. Given the staggering number of motorcycles in Indonesia, even a modest reduction per vehicle could lead to a substantial overall improvement in air quality, underscoring the potential impact highlighted by the authors. While the study effectively establishes the potential for additional technologies, the abstract itself identifies a key area requiring further exploration: "further research is needed to identify effective and economical technology." This indicates a crucial limitation of the current literature review, as it does not appear to delve into the specifics of *which* technologies are most effective, practical, or cost-efficient for widespread implementation on conventional motorcycles. For a truly impactful intervention, future work stemming from this foundation would need to move beyond general potential to a detailed comparative analysis of available technologies, including their mechanisms, costs, installation complexity, maintenance requirements, and overall environmental benefits. Without this granular detail, the "potential" remains largely theoretical. Therefore, while this paper serves as an important initial step in identifying a broad solution path, subsequent research must provide the specific, actionable insights needed for practical application and policy development.

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