Muhamad Zuhaili Saiman, Izzati Farhana Mahadzir

Konsep Untung Patut dari Perspektif Kewangan Islam

Introduction

Konsep untung patut dari perspektif kewangan islam . Kaji konsep untung patut dalam kewangan Islam. Fahami bagaimana profit yang adil jadi penanda aras untuk pasaran sihat, memenuhi keperluan pengguna tanpa penipuan.

Abstract

Trading is a daily human activity aimed at fulfilling basic needs, providing comfort, and generating income through profits. Islam does not prohibit this activity; in fact, according to al-Jarjawi, trading falls under the category of collective obligation (fardu kifayah) as it serves the essential needs of society. Islam does not restrict sellers from gaining profit from their sales, nor does it rigidly stipulate or impose a specific ceiling on the level of profit attained. However, at the same time, Islam emphasizes that profit must be free from any elements of deception. The objective of this study is to discuss the concept of reasonable profit in determining profit margins within Islamic finance. The methodology used is qualitative design with library research through references to theses, journals, newspapers, and scholarly books relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that the concept of fair profit should serve as a benchmark for Muslim producers and sellers in ensuring a healthy market norm and fulfilling consumer needs. This is evident in situations where essential goods become unaffordable for consumers, thereby necessitating government intervention to restore the balance between demand and supply, while preventing projects ready for sale from being abandoned due to consumers’ inability to purchase. Jual beli merupakan satu aktiviti kehidupan seharian manusia yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi keperluan asas, keselesaan malah mencari pendapatan melalui keuntungan yang diperolehi. Islam tidak menghalang aktiviti jual beli ini, malah menurut al-Jarjawi bahawa jual beli termasuk dalam konteks fardu kifayah kerana ia memenuhi keperluan manusia. Islam tidak menghalang penjual daripada mengaut keuntungan daripada jualan tersebut. Malah, Islam juga tidak menetapkan secara rigid atau had bagi kadar keuntungan tertentu yang dicapai. Namun dalam masa yang sama Islam tetap menekankan bahawa keuntungan yang diperolehi mestilah tidak mempunyai unsur-unsur palsu. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan konsep untung patut dalam menentukan kadar keuntungan jualan mengikut kewangan Islam. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah kualitatif melalui kajian perpustakaan dengan merujuk kepada tesis, jurnal, akhbar dan juga buku ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan tajuk kajian. Berdasarkan kajian yang dijalankan, konsep untung patut seharusnya menjadi penanda aras kepada pengeluar atau penjual Islam bagi memastikan norma pasaran yang baik dan dapat memenuhi kehendak pelanggan. Ini terbukti apabila terdapat keperluan asas yang menyebabkan pelanggan tidak mampu, maka kerajaan perlu campur tangan untuk memastikan keseimbangan semula permintaan dan penawaran serta mengelakkan projek yang sedia untuk dijual dan tidak terbiar kerana kemampuan pelanggan untuk membeli.

Review

This paper, "Konsep Untung Patut dari Perspektif Kewangan Islam," delves into a critical area at the intersection of Islamic ethics and contemporary economics: the concept of reasonable profit. The abstract effectively sets the stage by affirming trade as a fundamental human activity endorsed by Islam as a collective obligation (fardu kifayah). It highlights Islam's nuanced stance, permitting profit generation without imposing rigid ceilings, yet crucially stipulating that such profits must be devoid of deception. The study's objective is clearly articulated: to discuss the concept of reasonable profit and its application in determining profit margins within Islamic finance, addressing a key ethical dimension often overlooked in purely profit-driven models. The methodology employed is a qualitative design, relying on extensive library research encompassing theses, journals, newspapers, and scholarly books. This comprehensive approach suggests a thorough grounding in existing literature. The core findings indicate that the concept of fair profit should serve as a vital benchmark for Muslim producers and sellers. This benchmark is presented as essential for ensuring healthy market norms, meeting consumer needs, and, importantly, justifying government intervention. The abstract illustrates this necessity with compelling examples, such as when essential goods become unaffordable or when projects are stalled due to consumer inability to purchase, underscoring the role of "untung patut" in maintaining socio-economic balance. Overall, the study makes a significant contribution by articulating an ethical framework for profit-making grounded in Islamic principles, transcending mere financial legality to encompass broader societal welfare. While the abstract clearly establishes the 'what' and 'why' of reasonable profit, the full paper would benefit from a deeper dive into the 'how' – perhaps by exploring specific methodologies or frameworks for objectively determining "untung patut" across different sectors or product categories in Islamic finance. Nevertheless, it provides a timely and valuable perspective for market participants, policymakers, and scholars, reinforcing the idea that profitability in Islam is inextricably linked with fairness, consumer well-being, and broader societal stability.

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