Hasrul Hasrul, Dijan Sunar Rukmi, Lariman Lariman

PERSEBARAN PRIMATA DI KAWASAN FRAGMENTASI HUTAN SEPANJANG SUNGAI TUNAN, KECAMATAN WARU, KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Introduction

Persebaran primata di kawasan fragmentasi hutan sepanjang sungai tunan, kecamatan waru, kabupaten penajam paser utara, kalimantan timur. Kaji persebaran primata (bekantan, monyet ekor panjang, lutung kelabu) di hutan terfragmentasi Sungai Tunan, Kalimantan Timur. Pahami dampak fragmentasi habitat pada populasi primata.

Abstract

ABSTRAK Kawasan hutan yang terdapat di sekitar Sungai Tunan merupakan salah satu habitat bagi primata di Kalimantan Timur. Beberapa area di kawasan hutan dialihfungsikan menjadi perumahan warga, jalan raya, dan jembatan. Akibat perubahan fungsi lahan tersebut terbentuk fragmen-fragmen hutan yang dapat mengancam keberadaan primata. Penelitian mengenai persebaran primata di wilayah ini juga belum pernah dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persebaran primata di kawasan fragmentasi hutan Kecamatan Waru, Penajam Paser Utara, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2022 hingga bulan Maret 2022. Metode pengamatan adalah observasi langsung dan Total Count Sampling terhadap kelompok-kelompok primata yang dijadikan sebagai obyek penelitian. Peta persebaran kelompok primata dibuat menggunakan aplikasi Avenza maps dan Quantum GIS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 3 spesies primata, yaitu monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis), bekantan (Nasalis larvatus), dan lutung kelabu (Trachypithecus cristatus), yang menunjukkan pola hidup berkelompok. Meskipun demikian, bekantan merupakan primata yang dominan di kawasan ini, ditunjukkan dengan jumlah individu dan kelompok yang lebih banyak dibanding 2 spesies lainnya. Primata memiliki preferensi terhadap jenis pohon tertentu hingga dapat mempengaruhi persebarannya. Persebaran kelompok primata di fragmen hutan sepanjang sungai Tunan cenderung dipengaruhi oleh persebaran pidada merah (Sonneratia caseolaris). Proporsi bekantan menempati Pidada merah (Sonneratia caseolaris) yaitu 76%, buta-buta (Excoecaria agallocha) yaitu 8%, dan beberapa tumbuhan lain. Proporsi lutung kelabu menempati pohon pidada merah yaitu 50%, diikuti pohon mangga (Mangifera indica) yaitu 19%, dan buta-buta yaitu 11%. Proporsi monyet ekor panjang menempati pidada merah adalah 40%, pohon kelapa (Cocos nucifera) yaitu 14%, dan api-api (Avicennia rumphiana) yaitu 13%. Kata kunci: fragmentasi, persebaran, primata, Sungai Tunan

Review

This study, "PERSEBARAN PRIMATA DI KAWASAN FRAGMENTASI HUTAN SEPANJANG SUNGAI TUNAN," addresses a critical ecological issue in Southeast Asia: the impact of habitat fragmentation on primate populations. Focusing on the Tunan River area in East Kalimantan, the research aims to fill a significant gap in our understanding of primate distribution within a landscape increasingly altered by human infrastructure. The choice of location is particularly pertinent given the ongoing development pressures in the region and the presence of globally endangered species such as the proboscis monkey. The methodology, employing direct observation, Total Count Sampling, and GIS mapping, appears robust and appropriate for achieving the stated objective of mapping primate distribution patterns. The research successfully identified three primate species in the fragmented habitat: *Macaca fascicularis*, *Nasalis larvatus*, and *Trachypithecus cristatus*. A significant finding is the dominance of the proboscis monkey (*N. larvatus*) in terms of both individual and group numbers, highlighting the area's importance for this iconic species. Crucially, the study elucidates the strong habitat preferences exhibited by these primates, with the distribution of groups largely influenced by the presence of specific tree species. *Sonneratia caseolaris* (pidada merah) emerges as a pivotal resource, particularly for *N. larvatus*, occupying 76% of its observed habitat. This detailed understanding of species-specific resource dependency in a fragmented landscape offers invaluable insights into their survival strategies and the ecological carrying capacity of remaining forest patches. This paper provides valuable baseline data for conservation efforts in the Tunan River region. Its strength lies in clearly identifying the primate species present, their relative abundance, and, most importantly, their strong association with specific vegetation types within a highly fragmented environment. Such information is essential for targeted habitat protection and restoration. While the study effectively maps current distribution, future research could explore the specific impacts of different fragmentation types (e.g., road vs. housing) on primate behavior, genetic diversity, and long-term population viability. Nonetheless, the findings underscore the critical role of key plant species like *Sonneratia caseolaris* in maintaining primate populations in human-modified landscapes, making this a significant contribution to primate ecology and conservation in Kalimantan.

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