Ismatul Maula, Lili Hidayati

HAK WARIS SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HIFDZ AL-NASL DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAIDAH USHUL FIQH

Introduction

Hak waris sebagai implementasi hak asasi manusia dan hifdz al-nasl dalam perspektif kaidah ushul fiqh. Telusuri hak waris Islam sebagai implementasi HAM & hifẓ al-nasl melalui kaidah ushul fiqh. Pahami bagaimana hukum waris melindungi hak asasi, keturunan, keadilan, dan keseimbangan sosial secara dinamis.

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas hak waris dalam Islam sebagai implementasi hak asasi manusia (HAM) dan ḥifẓ al-nasl melalui pendekatan kaidah ushul fiqh. Fokus utama kajian ini adalah bagaimana hukum waris Islam dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap hak-hak kemanusiaan dan keturunan dalam kerangka maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-teologis, melalui kajian kepustakaan terhadap sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai humanistik dalam hukum waris Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum waris Islam memiliki dimensi kemanusiaan yang kuat. Ketentuan waris tidak semata-mata berorientasi pada distribusi harta, tetapi juga berfungsi menjaga keseimbangan sosial, menegakkan keadilan, serta melindungi keturunan dan kehormatan keluarga. Melalui kaidah ushul fiqh seperti al-ḥukmu yadūru ma‘a ‘illatihi wujūdan wa ‘adaman, dar’ al-mafāsid muqaddam ‘alā jalb al-maṣāliḥ, dan al-masyaqqah tajlib al-taysīr, hukum waris dapat dipahami secara dinamis dan kontekstual, sehingga selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip HAM tanpa mengabaikan nilai-nilai dasar syariah. Dengan demikian, hukum waris Islam merepresentasikan bentuk harmonisasi antara nilai ketuhanan dan kemanusiaan sebagai tujuan utama syariah Islam.

Review

The article "HAK WARIS SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HIFDZ AL-NASL DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAIDAH USHUL FIQH" presents a compelling and timely exploration of Islamic inheritance law. The research effectively positions the concept of *hak waris* (inheritance rights) not merely as a legal stipulation, but as a profound implementation of *hak asasi manusia* (human rights) and *ḥifẓ al-nasl* (protection of lineage) within the framework of *maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah*. Utilizing a robust qualitative method with a normative-theological approach and extensive literature review, the study's focus on understanding the humanistic dimensions of Islamic inheritance through the lens of *kaidah ushul fiqh* (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) is highly relevant and addresses a significant area of contemporary Islamic legal discourse. The findings convincingly demonstrate that Islamic inheritance law transcends a simplistic distribution of wealth, instead functioning as a vital mechanism for maintaining social equilibrium, upholding justice, and safeguarding familial honor and lineage. The abstract highlights a crucial contribution by showing how specific *ushul fiqh* principles—such as *al-ḥukmu yadūru ma‘a ‘illatihi wujūdan wa ‘adaman* (the ruling revolves with its cause, existing or non-existing), *dar’ al-mafāsid muqaddam ‘alā jalb al-maṣāliḥ* (preventing harm takes precedence over acquiring benefits), and *al-masyaqqah tajlib al-taysīr* (difficulty brings ease)—enable a dynamic and contextual understanding of inheritance. This theoretical grounding allows for a harmonious integration of Islamic inheritance with universal human rights principles, all while steadfastly upholding the core tenets of Sharia. The paper successfully argues for a sophisticated interpretation that bridges divine injunctions with humanistic values. This research offers valuable insights by systematically articulating the synergistic relationship between Islamic legal principles and contemporary human rights discourse. Its strength lies in presenting Islamic inheritance as a comprehensive system designed for social welfare and individual dignity, moving beyond common reductionist views. While the abstract provides a strong theoretical foundation, a deeper exploration of specific contemporary inheritance challenges, and how these *ushul fiqh* principles might actively resolve them, would further enhance the practical implications of this harmonized understanding. Nevertheless, this paper significantly contributes to the fields of Islamic law, human rights, and *maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah*, providing a sophisticated framework for future scholarship and a vital resource for scholars seeking to bridge traditional Islamic jurisprudence with modern ethical considerations.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.