Marchelie Putri Tuice Deva, Darmawati Rauf, Veronika Suwono

Gambaran Anak Dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme Di Wilayah Indonesia Periode Tahun 2017 Sampai Dengan 2020

Introduction

Gambaran anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme di wilayah indonesia periode tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2020. Gambaran anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme di Indonesia (2017-2020). Temukan usia diagnosis, prevalensi jenis kelamin, berat lahir, dan kaitannya dengan komplikasi kehamilan.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental developmental disorder characterized by decreased function in reciprocal social interaction abilities, communication and language deficits, stereotyped behavior, limited interests and activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of children with autism spectrum disorders using a descriptive method with a synthesis approach of several research articles. The research used is ten studies from various research sites in Indonesia. The results showed that from 10 studies, the most cases were diagnosed at pre-school age with an incidence of 94 cases with a percentage of 66.67%, males were more reported to suffer from autism spectrum disorders with an incidence rate of 147 cases with a percentage of 78.6%, normal birth weight was more Many experienced autism spectrum disorders, namely 143 cases with a percentage of 66.82% and had a history of pregnancy complications in 268 cases with a percentage of 57.47%, middle to upper socioeconomic status as many as 41 cases with a percentage of 68.3%. The conclusion is that the prevalence of children with autism spectrum disorders is more diagnosed at pre-school age, more in boys, with normal birth weight, and who have a history of pregnancy complications, as well as upper middle socioeconomic status.

Review

The study "Gambaran Anak Dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme Di Wilayah Indonesia Periode Tahun 2017 Sampai Dengan 2020" presents a timely and valuable effort to characterize children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) within Indonesia. By synthesizing findings from multiple local research articles, it aims to provide a descriptive overview of key demographic and historical characteristics associated with ASD diagnosis in the country between 2017 and 2020. This contribution is particularly important for understanding the profile of children diagnosed with ASD in the Indonesian context, which can inform public health planning, early intervention strategies, and resource allocation. The study’s focus on specific variables such as age at diagnosis, gender, birth weight, pregnancy complications, and socioeconomic status offers potentially actionable insights for clinicians and policymakers. While the initiative to synthesize existing research is commendable, the methodology described in the abstract as a "descriptive method with a synthesis approach" lacks sufficient detail to fully assess its rigor and potential biases. The abstract mentions synthesizing ten studies, but it is unclear whether this constituted a systematic review, a scoping review, or another specific type of meta-synthesis. Crucially, the absence of information regarding the specific selection criteria for these ten studies, their individual methodologies, or how potential heterogeneity in their findings was addressed, limits the generalizability and interpretation of the aggregated results. For instance, the absolute numbers reported for certain categories (e.g., 41 cases for middle to upper socioeconomic status) appear relatively small, raising questions about whether these data points were consistently available across all ten studies or if they represent a subset of the overall aggregated data. Without this transparency, the aggregated figures might not fully represent the broader Indonesian population but rather reflect the characteristics of the specific populations studied in the selected articles. Despite these methodological ambiguities, the study provides valuable preliminary observations, highlighting patterns such as a higher prevalence of diagnosis at pre-school age, a male predominance, the association with normal birth weight, a history of pregnancy complications, and an interesting link to middle to upper socioeconomic status. These findings serve as important hypotheses for future, more robust research. To strengthen future iterations, it is recommended that the authors adopt a clearly defined and reproducible systematic review methodology, explicitly detailing search strategies, inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality appraisal of individual studies, and methods for data extraction and synthesis. This would enhance the credibility and generalizability of the findings and provide a more comprehensive and nuanced "gambaran" (description) of ASD characteristics in Indonesia, ultimately supporting better targeted interventions and policies.

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