Salma Najma, Sari Indah Kesuma, Rischa Hamdanesti

Factors Associated with the Completeness of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization in Pregnant Women at the Dadok Tunggul Hitam Community Health Center in 2024

Introduction

Factors associated with the completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization in pregnant women at the dadok tunggul hitam community health center in 2024. Investigate factors affecting tetanus toxoid immunization completeness in pregnant women at Dadok Tunggul Hitam CHC in 2024. Links knowledge, family support, and healthcare roles to vaccine uptake.

Abstract

The coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization in pregnant women in West Sumatra in 2022 was still below the target, at 69.9%, with a goal of 90%. Among the 23 community health centers (Puskesmas) in Padang City, Dadok Tunggul Hitam Community Health Center had the lowest tetanus toxoid immunization coverage (15.72%), far below the target of 90%. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with the completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization in pregnant women at Dadok Tunggul Hitam Community Health Center in 2024. This is a quantitative study with an analytical approach and a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted at Dadok Tunggul Hitam Community Health Center in Padang from March to August 2024. Data collection took place from May 13 to May 28, 2024. The population consisted of all third-trimester pregnant women, totaling 221, with a sample of 69 respondents. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency distribution and bivariately using the Chi-Square statistical test. The results showed that more than half of the pregnant women, 37 respondents (53.6%), had incomplete tetanus toxoid immunization. Less than half, 31 respondents (44.9%), had low knowledge. More than half, 44 respondents (63.8%), lacked family support, and less than half, 18 respondents (41.9%), perceived that healthcare workers played a minimal role. There is a significant relationship between knowledge level, family support, and the role of healthcare workers with the completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization in pregnant women at Dadok Tunggul Hitam Community Health Center in Padang in 2024.In conclusion, knowledge, family support, and the role of healthcare workers are associated with the completeness of tetanus toxoid immunization. It is hoped that healthcare providers, particularly nurses, will improve basic immunization services by providing information to pregnant women through health education sessions and distributing leaflets or posters about tetanus toxoid immunization.

Review

This study addresses a critical public health issue: the suboptimal coverage of tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization among pregnant women, specifically highlighting the stark deficit at the Dadok Tunggul Hitam Community Health Center in Padang. With West Sumatra's 2022 coverage at 69.9% falling significantly short of the 90% target, and Dadok Tunggul Hitam registering a mere 15.72%, the urgency to understand underlying factors is clear. The authors appropriately aim to identify factors associated with the completeness of TT immunization in this vulnerable population, thereby contributing valuable insights for targeted public health interventions. Employing a quantitative, analytical cross-sectional design, the research was conducted at the specified health center from March to August 2024, with data collected from 69 third-trimester pregnant women selected via accidental sampling from a population of 221. The findings revealed a concerning incompleteness rate of TT immunization in over half of the respondents (53.6%). Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test demonstrated significant associations between the completeness of TT immunization and three key variables: the pregnant women's knowledge level, the extent of family support they received, and their perception of the role played by healthcare workers. This indicates that educational deficits, lack of social backing, and perceived inadequate healthcare engagement are substantial barriers to achieving full immunization. The study effectively identifies modifiable factors that contribute to the low TT immunization completeness, providing a clear direction for intervention. The conclusion that knowledge, family support, and healthcare worker roles are significantly associated underscores the need for a multi-faceted approach. While the recommendations for healthcare providers to enhance health education and distribute informative materials are pertinent and practical, future research could explore the specific mechanisms through which family support influences immunization decisions and the particular aspects of healthcare worker engagement that are most impactful. Additionally, acknowledging the limitations of accidental sampling and the cross-sectional design's inability to infer causality would strengthen the overall interpretation. Nevertheless, this study offers valuable, actionable insights for improving TT immunization coverage in a critical demographic.

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