Fira Ulvatur Rohmah, Rina Auliyah Safitri, Ayu Ulum Rahmawati, Atiqa Rahmawati

Effect of Ethanol Solution Concentration in the Extraction Process of Centella asiatica L. Bioactive Components Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method

Introduction

Effect of ethanol solution concentration in the extraction process of centella asiatica l. Bioactive components using microwave-assisted extraction (mae) method. Discover the impact of ethanol concentration on Centella asiatica L. bioactive component extraction using MAE. Optimize total phenol yield from Pegagan.

Abstract

The Pegagan plant has a scientific name in the form of Centella asiatica L. which is included in the Centella genus, Apiaceae family, and kingdom Plantae. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) has distinctive bioactive components, namely triterpene ester glycoside compounds in the form of asiaticoside and madecassoside, and triterpene group compounds in the form of Asiatic acid and madecassic acid. In this study, the extraction of bioactive components from pegagan was carried out using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method and will study the effect of ethanol solvent concentration in the extraction of bioactive compounds. Analysis of the extracted bioactive content was carried out by analyzing the total phenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and ANOVA analysis. The results obtained from the study were in the form of total phenol content as an indication of the presence of bioactive compounds, namely at operating conditions of 450 watts of power, 50% ethanol concentration with a radiation time of 15 minutes which resulted in a total phenol content of 21.9244 mg AGE/g sample. In the ANOVA analysis with ethanol solvent, variables that gave a significant response to the total phenol content were microwave power, radiation time, and ethanol concentration with an R-square value of 95.31%. The effect of ethanol concentration on the total phenol content produced, namely the concentration of pure ethanol solvent will produce extracts with the smallest total phenol content, the effect of extraction time on total phenol content, namely the longer extraction time will increase the total phenol content. Maximum total phenol content using ethanol solvent that is, at operating conditions of 450 watts of power, 10% ethanol concentration with a radiation time of 15 minutes which resulted in a total phenol content of 520 mg AGE/g sample.

Review

The study, "Effect of Ethanol Solution Concentration in the Extraction Process of Centella asiatica L. Bioactive Components Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method," explores the optimization of bioactive compound extraction from *Centella asiatica L.*, commonly known as Pegagan. This plant is scientifically recognized for its distinctive triterpene ester glycosides, such as asiaticoside and madecassoside, alongside triterpene compounds like asiatic acid and madecassic acid, which contribute to its therapeutic properties. The research specifically employs the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method and investigates the critical influence of ethanol solvent concentration on the yield of these valuable bioactive components, aiming to establish efficient and high-yield extraction parameters. The core findings, analyzed through total phenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and subsequent ANOVA, clearly indicate that microwave power, radiation time, and ethanol concentration significantly impact extraction efficiency. The statistical model demonstrated a robust R-square value of 95.31%, affirming the strong predictive power of the studied variables. Crucially, the study found that pure ethanol resulted in the smallest total phenol content, suggesting that a diluted ethanol solution is more effective for extracting these compounds. Conversely, a longer extraction time generally correlated with an increase in total phenol content. The optimal operating conditions were identified as 450 watts of power, 10% ethanol concentration, and a radiation time of 15 minutes, which successfully yielded a maximum total phenol content of 520 mg AGE/g sample. This research offers a valuable contribution by pinpointing key MAE parameters for *Centella asiatica* extraction and highlighting the significant role of ethanol concentration, particularly the superiority of lower concentrations over pure ethanol for phenolic compound recovery. The statistical rigor applied through ANOVA enhances the reliability of the findings regarding the significance of the tested variables. However, a notable limitation is the primary reliance on total phenol content as the sole indicator for the extraction of "bioactive components." Given that *Centella asiatica* is specifically valued for its unique triterpene profile, future studies would greatly benefit from directly quantifying these characteristic marker compounds (e.g., asiaticoside and madecassic acid) to provide a more precise and comprehensive assessment of extraction efficiency for the plant's most pharmacologically relevant constituents.

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