Erri Larene Safika, Vita Yanti Anggraeni, Eni Harmayani, Lily Arsanti Lestari, Leny Eka Tyas Wahyuni

EFFECT OF ARROWROOT cOOKIES WITH PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) GLUCOMANNAN ADDITION ON ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA IN TYPE 2 DIABETes

Introduction

Effect of arrowroot cookies with porang (amorphophallus oncophyllus) glucomannan addition on atherogenic index of plasma in type 2 diabetes. Investigate if arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan reduce cardiovascular risk in Type 2 Diabetes patients. Study explores cookie consumption's effect on atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).

Abstract

Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan which are rich in dietary fiber may be able to reduce CVD risk in T2D patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cookies consumption for 8 weeks on the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) of T2D patients. Material and method: As many as 24 T2D subjects were recruited from primary health centers in Yogyakarta. The control group (n=12) was given nutrition education, and the intervention group (n=12) was given nutrition education and 5 pieces of cookies (65 grams) as snacks for 8 weeks. AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)], anthropometry, and food intake were measured before (week 0) and after (weeks 8) the study. Results: There was a decrease in AIP in the intervention group from 0.189 to 0.164 (medium-risk of CVD), although it wasn’t significant (p>0.05). On the contrary, the AIP level in the control group increased from 0.075 (low-risk of CVD) to 0.111 (medium-risk of CVD). The AIP changes between groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). There were no changes in anthropometry measures in both groups after the study (p>0.05). We found an increase in dietary fiber intake in both groups (p<0.05), however, it was not significantly different between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Consumption of 65g arrowroot cookies with porang glucomannan addition for 8 weeks did not significantly affect the AIP in T2D patients. However, it could maintain the AIP level in the intervention group in the medium-risk category.

Review

This study investigated the potential of arrowroot cookies fortified with porang glucomannan to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk, as measured by the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The research addresses a highly relevant clinical issue, given the elevated CVD risk in T2D populations and the known benefits of dietary fiber. While the intervention group showed a non-significant decrease in AIP and maintained it within a medium-risk category, the control group experienced an increase. The novelty lies in the specific food product developed and tested, aiming to provide a practical dietary intervention for T2D patients. Methodologically, the study employed a controlled intervention design over 8 weeks, with one group receiving nutrition education and the other receiving education plus the fortified cookies. The use of AIP, a recognized marker for CVD risk, is appropriate. It is noteworthy that both groups reported increased dietary fiber intake, suggesting that nutrition education alone might have contributed to some dietary changes. However, the lack of significant changes in anthropometric measures in either group is an important finding, indicating that the cookie consumption did not adversely affect body composition or weight status over the study period. A primary limitation is the relatively small sample size (n=12 per group), which likely contributed to the lack of statistical significance for the observed AIP changes. The substantial difference in baseline AIP between the control (low-risk) and intervention (medium-risk) groups is also a concern, as it complicates direct comparisons of change and might indicate baseline heterogeneity. Future studies would benefit from a larger, perhaps randomized and blinded, sample with a longer intervention period to potentially detect significant effects. Further exploration into the optimal dosage of glucomannan and a more comprehensive dietary assessment beyond just fiber intake would also strengthen the evidence base for such novel food interventions in managing T2D complications.

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