Metana Puspitasari, Sandawi Rianda Rahmah, Sherly Marchelina

EFEKTIVITAS PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS DAN FAKTOR RISIKONYA

Introduction

Efektivitas penyuluhan kesehatan terhadap pemahaman penyakit diabetes melitus dan faktor risikonya. Tingkatkan pemahaman diabetes melitus! Studi ini menunjukkan penyuluhan kesehatan efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit diabetes dan faktor risikonya.

Abstract

ABSTRAK Diabetes melitus adalah kondisi medis yang mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar gula darah akibat gangguan fungsi atau produksi insulin. Berdasarkan klasifikasi Perkeni tahun 2021, terdapat empat tipe diabetes, yaitu tipe 1, tipe 2, gestasional, dan tipe lain yang disebabkan oleh faktor spesifik. Menurut hasil SKI 2023 menunjukkan peningkatan prevalensi Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia meningkat menjadi 11,7% pada tahun 2023, naik dari 10,9% pada tahun 2018 pada kelompok usia ≥15 tahun. Pendekatan menyeluruh dan holistik diperlukan untuk mengelola Diabetes Melitus, melibatkan tindakan yang bersifat promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif. Penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai penyakit diabetes, sebagai langkah promotif dan preventif dalam mengatasi Diabetes Melitus. Studi ini menggunakan metode one group pre-test post-test dengan melibatkan 40 peserta dari Kelurahan Sigran, Kecamatan Geneng, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Wilcoxon test. Temuan dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan skor dari rata-rata 67 pada pretest menjadi 85,25 pada posttest. Berdasarkan hasil ini dan nilai p < 0,05, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyuluhan kesehatan telah berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta tentang diabetes melitus. ABSTRACT Diabetes melitus is a medical condition that results in elevated blood sugar levels due to issues in insulin function or production. According to Perkeni's 2021 classification, there are four types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, gestational, and other types caused by specific factors. The 2023 Health Survey (SKI) indicated an increase in the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Melitus in Indonesia, rising to 11.7% in 2023 from 10.9% in 2018 in the age group of 15 years and older. A comprehensive and holistic approach is essential for managing Diabetes Melitus, involving promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative measures. This community service activity aims to enhance public awareness and knowledge about diabetes as a preventive and promotive measure against the disease. This study applied a one-group pre-test post-test design approach. Forty participants from Sigran community in Geneng District, Sukoharjo Regency participated. Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results showed that the average score at the pretest stage was 67, while the post-test average score was 85.25. The analysis indicates that health education significantly improved community knowledge about diabetes melitus, as evidenced by a p-value < 0.05.

Review

This study investigated the effectiveness of a health education program aimed at improving understanding of Diabetes Mellitus and its risk factors within a community in Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Acknowledging the increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Indonesia and the necessity of comprehensive management approaches, the research employed a one-group pre-test post-test design involving 40 participants from Kelurahan Sigran. The intervention sought to enhance public knowledge as a crucial promotive and preventive measure against the disease. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed a significant improvement in participants' knowledge scores, with the average score rising from 67 at pre-test to 85.25 at post-test, supported by a p-value less than 0.05. The findings provide compelling evidence that targeted health education can effectively enhance community knowledge regarding Diabetes Mellitus. The notable increase in knowledge scores post-intervention suggests that the educational content and delivery were successful in improving understanding among the participants, addressing a critical public health concern given the rising diabetes prevalence in Indonesia. This immediate positive impact underscores the potential of such interventions in empowering individuals with vital health information, which is foundational for promoting healthier behaviors and preventing disease progression. The study's clear objective and statistical validation of the observed change contribute to its practical relevance. While demonstrating a clear immediate effect on knowledge, the study's one-group pre-test post-test design inherently limits the generalizability and causal attribution, as it cannot definitively rule out other contemporaneous factors influencing the observed changes in understanding. The abstract does not provide details on the specific content, duration, or fidelity of the health education intervention, nor does it elaborate on the demographic characteristics of the participants beyond their number and location. Furthermore, the study's focus solely on knowledge improvement means it does not assess long-term retention of information or, more critically, the translation of this enhanced knowledge into actual behavioral changes, which is the ultimate goal of preventive health education. Future research could benefit from incorporating a control group, providing more comprehensive details about the intervention, and including follow-up assessments to evaluate sustained knowledge and behavioral outcomes.

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