Helena Daten

Diversitas dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Berpotensi sebagai Probiotik dalam Usus Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio)

Introduction

Diversitas dan karakterisasi bakteri asam laktat yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik dalam usus ikan mas (cyprinus carpio). Temukan diversitas & karakteristik bakteri asam laktat (BAL) berpotensi probiotik di usus ikan mas (Cyprinus Carpio). Uji toleransi empedu, pH, & resistensi antibiotik.

Abstract

Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan suatu kelompok bakteri gram positif, tidak menghasilkan spora. Bakteri ini dapat memproduksi asam laktat sebagai produk akhir metabolik utama selama fermentasi karbohidrat. Bakteri asam laktat banyak digunakan sebagai probiotik yang bermanfaat untuk menjaga keseimbangan mikrobiota saluran pencernaan ikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui diversitas dan karakteristik BAL yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik. Keanekaragan spesies BAL ditentukan dengan indeks dominasi Simpson (D). Karakteristik BAL meliputi cat Gram, katalase, toleransi terhadap garam empedu, pH, dan sensitivitas antibiotik. Diversitas BAL dalam usus ikan menunjukkan terdapat spesies yang mendominansi, dengan nilai dominansi sebesar 0,79. Indeks Nilai penting tertinggi untuk komunitas ini terdapat pada isolat C dan isolat B berturut-turut sebesar 111,8 % dan 51 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua spesies tersebut mempunyai peran penting dalam komunitas tersebut. Hasil cat Gram menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat tersebut merupakan kokus positif dan katalase negatif. Karakteristik BAL menunjukkan bahwa isolat A toleransi terhadap garam empedu 0,3 % dan 0,5 % dengan survival rate berturut-turut sebesar 96 % dan 96,6 %. Isolat B lebih toleransi terhadap garam empedu 0,5 % dengan survival rate sebesar 95,9 %, sedangkan isolate C lebih toleransi terhadap garam empedu 0,3 % dengan survival rate sebesar 88,5 %. Hasil uji toleransi pH menunjukkan isolat A, B, dan C toleransi terhadap pH 3 dengan survival rate berturut-turut sebesar 96 %, 95,7 %, dan 84,1 %. Semua isolat resistensi terhadap antibiotik kanamycin, erythromycin, streptomycin. Berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut menunjukkan bahwa BAL dalam usus ikan mas berpotensi sebagai probiotik

Review

This study presents an investigation into the diversity and probiotic potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from the gut of common carp (*Cyprinus carpio*). The research is highly relevant given the growing interest in natural alternatives for maintaining gut health in aquaculture. The clear objective was to characterize LAB species from this specific niche for their potential probiotic attributes, setting a solid foundation for exploring indigenous microbial resources. The initial assessment of diversity using Simpson's dominance index and importance values is a commendable step in understanding the community structure before selecting candidates for further characterization. The methodology employed for characterizing the LAB isolates is comprehensive, encompassing essential criteria for probiotic selection. The abstract effectively highlights key findings, indicating that certain species dominate the LAB community in carp gut, with specific isolates (C and B) demonstrating high importance. The characterization revealed that the three selected isolates (A, B, C) are Gram-positive cocci and catalase-negative, consistent with typical LAB. Crucially, these isolates exhibited significant tolerance to varying concentrations of bile salts (0.3% and 0.5%) and low pH (pH 3), with high survival rates, which are critical traits for survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, their resistance to multiple antibiotics (kanamycin, erythromycin, streptomycin) suggests a potential advantage in environments where antibiotic use might be present, or as a beneficial trait for persistence. While the study successfully identifies LAB isolates with promising probiotic characteristics, a significant enhancement would be the specific taxonomic identification of these isolates, perhaps through molecular methods like 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The abstract refers to "species" and "isolates A, B, C" without naming them, which limits the ability to compare findings with other research or to understand their precise ecological roles. Providing specific species identification would greatly strengthen the scientific impact and applicability of the findings. Additionally, while the *in vitro* results are encouraging, future research should ideally involve *in vivo* trials to confirm the actual probiotic efficacy, such as their ability to improve growth performance, feed utilization, disease resistance, and modulate gut microbiota in common carp. Nevertheless, this study provides a valuable preliminary screening and characterization of potential probiotic candidates from an important aquaculture species.

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