Andi Zulfiana, Andi Resvi

Aplikasi Token Economy Berbasis Nilai Kebaikan (Ihsan) sebagai Teknik Konseling untuk Menumbuhkan Perilaku Pro-Sosial Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Introduction

Aplikasi token economy berbasis nilai kebaikan (ihsan) sebagai teknik konseling untuk menumbuhkan perilaku pro-sosial siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas teknik konseling token economy berbasis nilai Ihsan dalam menumbuhkan perilaku pro-sosial siswa SD, menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas teknik konseling dengan pendekatan token economy berbasis nilai kebaikan (ihsan) dalam menumbuhkan perilaku pro-sosial siswa Sekolah Dasar. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh kenyataan bahwa perilaku prososial siswa, seperti tolong-menolong, berbagi, dan empati, masih rendah di lingkungan sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimen semu (quasi-experimental design) dengan model pretest-posttest control group design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 siswa kelas IV dan V di SDN 117 Leppangeng yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: 30 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 30 siswa kelompok kontrol. Intervensi dilakukan selama delapan minggu dengan penerapan sistem token economy yang diintegrasikan dengan nilai-nilai Ihsan seperti keikhlasan, empati, dan tolong-menolong. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa skala perilaku pro-sosial dan lembar observasi guru. Analisis data menggunakan uji t berpasangan dan ANCOVA untuk mengontrol perbedaan skor awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol (p < 0,001), dengan peningkatan skor rata-rata perilaku pro-sosial pada kelompok eksperimen sebesar 29,4%. Nilai effect size sebesar 1,17 menunjukkan pengaruh besar dari perlakuan yang diberikan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan token economy berbasis nilai Ihsan efektif dalam meningkatkan perilaku pro-sosial siswa sekolah dasar. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya penerapan sistem penghargaan yang bernilai religius dalam program konseling sekolah untuk membentuk karakter dan perilaku sosial positif siswa.

Review

This study presents an innovative approach to fostering pro-social behavior in elementary school students by integrating the well-established token economy technique with intrinsic "Ihsan" (goodness) values. Addressing a pertinent need for enhanced social skills such as helping, sharing, and empathy, the research employs a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group, providing a robust framework for evaluating the intervention's efficacy. The core aim to develop a culturally and religiously sensitive counseling technique is both timely and relevant, promising a method that resonates deeply within specific educational contexts. A significant strength of this research lies in its novel conceptualization and application. The blending of a systematic behavioral modification technique with a values-based framework like Ihsan offers a rich and contextually appropriate solution, which is particularly commendable. The methodological rigor, evidenced by the use of paired t-tests and ANCOVA to control for baseline differences, adds credibility to the findings. The reported results are compelling: a statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), a substantial 29.4% increase in pro-social behavior in the experimental group, and a large effect size of 1.17, collectively demonstrate a powerful and effective intervention. These strong empirical findings provide a solid foundation for the proposed practical implication: the integration of religiously-valued reward systems in school counseling. While the study presents a highly promising intervention, the abstract could benefit from providing more granular details regarding the specific mechanisms of integrating Ihsan values (such as sincerity, empathy, and helping) into the token economy system. Understanding how these abstract values were translated into observable behaviors and reward criteria would enhance replicability and theoretical contribution. Furthermore, while the immediate effectiveness over eight weeks is clear, exploring the long-term sustainability and generalizability of these behavioral changes in different school environments or cultural settings would be a valuable avenue for future research. Investigating student perceptions and qualitative experiences of the Ihsan-based token economy could also offer deeper insights into the intervention's impact.

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