Analisis penetapan hukuman pidana menurut teori pertanggungjawaban pidana . Menganalisis penetapan hukuman pidana UU ITE berdasarkan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana. Fokus pada unsur kesengajaan, pembuktian kasus siber, dan harmonisasi interpretasi hukum digital.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana yang didasarkan pada unsur kesengajaan ( dolus ) dalam perkara Putusan Nomor 234/PID.SUS/2023/PT BNA, yang berkaitan dengan pelanggaran terhadap Pasal 27 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE). Perkara ini menyoroti tantangan dalam membuktikan unsur kesengajaan pada tindak pidana siber, khususnya ketika pelaku mengemukakan adanya pengaruh dari pihak luar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan yang mencakup data primer (putusan pengadilan dan peraturan perundang-undangan), data sekunder (literatur hukum), serta data tersier (kamus hukum). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Tinggi Banda Aceh tetap menegakkan prinsip pertanggungjawaban pidana individu meskipun terdapat klaim campur tangan dari pihak ketiga, dengan penilaian telah terpenuhinya unsur keinginan ( willens ) dan kesadaran ( wetens ). Namun demikian, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa analisis hakim belum sepenuhnya membedakan antara bentuk dolus directus dan dolus eventualis , serta kurang memperhatikan aspek tekanan psikologis yang mempengaruhi pelaku. Di sisi lain, perbandingan antara keputusan tingkat pertama dan banding mengungkapkan perbedaan dalam menafsirkan unsur-unsur “membuat dapat diakses” sebagaimana diatur dalam UU ITE, serta ditemukan ketidaksesuaian dalam penerapan persahabatan dengan ketentuan Pasal 21 ayat (4) KUHAP. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya harmonisasi penafsiran hukum pidana di ranah digital demi menjamin kepastian hukum dan keadilan.
This paper, titled "ANALISIS PENETAPAN HUKUMAN PIDANA MENURUT TEORI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA" (Analysis of Criminal Sentencing According to Criminal Responsibility Theory), delves into the application of criminal responsibility theory, specifically focusing on the element of intent (*dolus*), within the context of cybercrime. Utilizing a normative juridical method with a literature study approach, the research meticulously examines Putusan Nomor 234/PID.SUS/2023/PT BNA, a case concerning violations of Article 27 paragraph (3) of the ITE Law. The study's primary objective is to address the inherent challenges in proving intent in digital offenses, particularly when perpetrators claim external influence, thereby providing a critical analysis of judicial reasoning in such complex cases. The research yields several important findings. It highlights that the Banda Aceh High Court affirmed the principle of individual criminal responsibility, even amidst claims of third-party involvement, based on the fulfillment of the elements of *willens* (desire) and *wetens* (awareness). However, the paper critically points out two key areas for improvement in judicial analysis: the lack of a clear distinction between *dolus directus* and *dolus eventualis*, and insufficient consideration of psychological pressure affecting the perpetrator. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the first-instance and appellate decisions reveals discrepancies in interpreting the phrase "membuat dapat diakses" (making accessible) under the ITE Law, and an inconsistency in applying the provisions of Article 21 paragraph (4) of the KUHAP regarding *persahabatan*. In conclusion, this study makes a valuable contribution by shedding light on the complexities of establishing criminal responsibility in the evolving landscape of cybercrime. The identified discrepancies and analytical gaps underscore the pressing need for greater harmonization in the interpretation of criminal law within the digital realm. The findings emphasize the importance of refining judicial approaches to *dolus* and considering psychological factors, ultimately aiming to ensure legal certainty and justice. This research serves as a crucial reference for judges, legal practitioners, and policymakers striving to adapt criminal jurisprudence to the unique challenges posed by information technology offenses.
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