Ade Irawan, Muchammad Choirihi, Kukuh Sudarmanto, Zaenal Arifin

Wanprestasi Developer dalam Jual Beli Kavling: Hilangnya Kepastian Hukum bagi Konsumen

Introduction

Wanprestasi developer dalam jual beli kavling: hilangnya kepastian hukum bagi konsumen. Analisis wanprestasi developer dalam jual beli kavling, pertanggungjawaban hukum, dan perlindungan konsumen. Pahami upaya hukum atasi hilangnya kepastian di transaksi properti.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms of legal liability that developers must fulfill toward buyers of land lots situated on legally problematic land and examine the legal protection measures available to buyers in addressing such issues. The research is motivated by developers' growing practice of land lot sales that often lack guarantees of legal certainty, particularly when the land object is subject to administrative or legal disputes. This study uses a normative and sociological approach to explore the relationship between developers’ legal obligations and consumer protection in property transactions. The findings indicate that developers are legally required to fulfill contractual performance and provide restitution or compensation in breach cases, as stipulated in the Civil Code and the Consumer Protection Law. On the other hand, buyers are entitled to seek remedies through litigation and non-litigation channels, including the Consumer Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK). Developers’ liability is repressive and preventive, emphasizing the need to ensure the legality and dispute-free status of the land object before marketing. The implications of this study highlight the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing government oversight, and promoting consumer legal literacy to achieve legal certainty and fairness in property transactions. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum yang harus dipenuhi oleh developer terhadap pembeli kavling tanah pada objek yang bermasalah secara hukum, serta menelaah upaya perlindungan hukum yang dapat diberikan kepada pembeli dalam menghadapi permasalahan tersebut. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya praktik jual beli kavling tanah oleh developer tanpa jaminan kepastian hukum, terutama ketika objek tanah masih berstatus sengketa administratif maupun yuridis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan sosiologis untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kewajiban hukum developer dan perlindungan hak-hak konsumen. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa developer berkewajiban memenuhi prestasi sesuai perjanjian pengikatan jual beli serta memberikan restitusi dan kompensasi apabila terjadi wanprestasi, sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Pembeli berhak menempuh upaya hukum melalui jalur litigasi maupun non-litigasi, termasuk Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK). Pertanggungjawaban hukum developer bersifat tidak hanya represif tetapi juga preventif, dengan memastikan legalitas dan bebas sengketa atas objek tanah sebelum dipasarkan. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan regulasi, peningkatan pengawasan pemerintah, dan pemberdayaan konsumen melalui literasi hukum guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum serta keadilan dalam transaksi properti.

Review

The paper "Wanprestasi Developer dalam Jual Beli Kavling: Hilangnya Kepastian Hukum bagi Konsumen" offers a timely and critical examination of developer breaches in land lot sales, focusing on the resulting loss of legal certainty for consumers. The study's primary objectives are to analyze developers' legal liability for properties entangled in legal disputes and to explore available legal protection mechanisms for buyers. Driven by the increasing prevalence of land lot sales lacking legal guarantees, particularly concerning administratively or juridically disputed land, the research employs a dual normative and sociological approach. Key findings highlight developers' obligation to fulfill contractual performance and provide restitution or compensation for breaches, as stipulated by the Civil Code and the Consumer Protection Law. Conversely, buyers are empowered to seek remedies through both litigation and non-litigation channels, including the Consumer Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK). The study emphasizes that developer liability extends beyond repressive measures to include preventive actions, specifically ensuring the legality and dispute-free status of land objects before marketing. This research is commendable for its highly relevant topic, addressing a significant and pervasive issue within the property sector that directly impacts consumer rights and legal certainty. The clear articulation of the problem, coupled with well-defined objectives, provides a strong foundation for the analysis. The chosen dual methodology, integrating normative legal analysis with a sociological perspective, is particularly suitable for exploring both the theoretical legal framework and its practical implications for consumer protection. The abstract effectively identifies specific legal bases and available remedies, offering practical insights for affected consumers. A notable strength is the emphasis on developer liability as both repressive and preventive, advocating for proactive measures to avoid disputes. To further enhance the study, a more detailed exposition in the full paper on the specific application of the sociological approach (e.g., through qualitative interviews, case studies, or empirical data collection) would provide richer insights into the actual experiences of consumers and the effectiveness of current legal mechanisms in practice. The implications drawn from this study are substantial, contributing significantly to the discourse on consumer protection in property transactions. By underscoring the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing government oversight, and promoting consumer legal literacy, the research provides actionable recommendations for policymakers and consumer advocacy groups. It effectively highlights the vulnerability of consumers in the face of developer negligence or malfeasance and offers a roadmap for achieving greater legal certainty and fairness. This paper serves as a vital call to action for all stakeholders to ensure transparency and accountability in the property market, ultimately fostering an environment where consumer rights are robustly protected. The findings could also inform future empirical research into the efficacy of specific legal remedies or the impact of consumer education campaigns in mitigating risks associated with problematic land lot sales.

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