Ery Kustini, Munaya Fauziah, Suherman Suherman, Dewi Purnamawati, Abul A’la Al Maududi

The Effect of Lipid Profile and Blood Glucose on Hypertension At Pasar Minggu District Health Center

Introduction

The effect of lipid profile and blood glucose on hypertension at pasar minggu district health center. Pasar Minggu DHC study links lipid profile, blood glucose to hypertension. Elevated total cholesterol & HbA1c linked to *reduced* risk, vital for NCD prevention strategies.

Abstract

Hypertension remains a leading metabolic risk factor contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly in Indonesia’s urban populations. This study examined the effect of lipid profile and blood glucose on hypertension incidence among non-communicable disease (NCD) clinic patients at Pasar Minggu District Health Center, South Jakarta. A cross-sectional design was applied, utilizing secondary data from electronic medical records (e-puskesmas) in 2023. The study involved 1,168 patients. Results showed that 88.7% had hypertension, with 65.3% exhibiting high LDL levels, while most had non-risk levels of total cholesterol (57%), HDL (52.7%), triglycerides (67.1%), creatinine (90.5%), and HbA1c (74.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between total cholesterol (OR=0.619; 95% CI=0.393–0.974) and HbA1c (OR=0.180; 95% CI=0.128–0.252) with hypertension incidence, after controlling for LDL. Elevated total cholesterol and HbA1c were linked to a reduced hypertension risk in this population. The findings suggest that integrating lipid and glucose control into hypertension prevention strategies, alongside multisectoral collaboration, may enhance early detection and management of NCDs in primary care settings.

Review

This study investigated the complex interplay between lipid profile, blood glucose, and hypertension among patients attending a non-communicable disease (NCD) clinic in Pasar Minggu District Health Center, a highly relevant topic given the escalating burden of metabolic risk factors in urban Indonesia. Utilizing a robust sample size of 1,168 patients and real-world data from electronic medical records, the authors shed light on the high prevalence of hypertension (88.7%) and dyslipidemia within this specific primary care population. The findings underscore the critical need for integrated NCD management strategies in such settings, particularly highlighting the prevalence of high LDL levels among the cohort. However, the interpretation of some key findings warrants closer scrutiny. The multivariate analysis suggesting that elevated total cholesterol and HbA1c were linked to a *reduced* hypertension risk, after controlling for LDL, is notably counter-intuitive and challenges established epidemiological understanding. Given the cross-sectional design, the term "hypertension incidence" is likely a misnomer, referring instead to prevalence or existing cases, which limits the ability to infer causality or directionality of effect. This unexpected association could potentially be influenced by reverse causality (e.g., patients with diagnosed hypertension are already on medication effectively lowering their risk factors, while those with uncontrolled lipids/glucose might be newly presenting and not yet diagnosed with hypertension or captured differently in the data), unmeasured confounders, or a highly selected study population already receiving care for multiple NCDs, thus requiring careful interpretation and discussion within the manuscript. Despite these analytical considerations, the study makes a valuable contribution by highlighting the high burden of hypertension and dysglycemia in an Indonesian primary care setting. The recommendation for integrating lipid and glucose control into hypertension prevention, alongside multisectoral collaboration, remains sound. Future research should prioritize longitudinal study designs to clarify the temporal relationships between these risk factors and hypertension development, thereby providing stronger causal inference. Furthermore, a deeper exploration into the specific patient characteristics and clinical management protocols at this health center could help elucidate the observed, unexpected associations, and inform more targeted and effective NCD prevention and management strategies tailored to similar urban primary care contexts.

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