Fredi Prastiyo, Mochammad Facta, Susatyo Handoko

Rotor Angle Analysis on Power Proportion in Generator and Photovoltaic Hybrid Low Voltage System

Introduction

Rotor angle analysis on power proportion in generator and photovoltaic hybrid low voltage system. Analyze rotor angle stability in generator & PV hybrid low-voltage systems. Study shows stable synchronization at 32.26% PV, but loss of sync if PV exceeds 37%. Insights for reliable renewable energy systems.

Abstract

Electrical energy is essential in modern society, and with the growing demand, all available energy resources are being utilized to meet this need. Insufficient planning and calculation in energy provision can affect the stability of electricity generated by power plants, especially in low-voltage microsystems directly connected to loads. This study investigates the behavior of synchronous microgenerators and photovoltaic systems, focusing on the rotor angle of the generator. Changes in the photovoltaic contribution can cause shifts in the generator's rotor angle, necessitating an analysis of these shifts. An experimental method was used to measure and analyze the power distribution by recording current and voltage in a micro synchronous generator and a grid-tie inverter under a 300-watt linear load. The results show that the generator’s rotor angle remains stable and the grid-tie inverter remains synchronized, with an average angle of 40.2° at a photovoltaic contribution of 32.26% and a synchronous microgenerator contribution of 67.74%. However, when the photovoltaic supply exceeds 37.00%, the rotor angle shifts further, leading to a loss of synchronization in the grid-tie inverter. Additionally, irradiance was found to have a linear effect on photovoltaic distribution. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of rotor angle behavior and grid synchronization, providing insights for the development of more reliable and efficient renewable energy systems that maintain electrical stability in low-voltage applications.

Review

This paper, "Rotor Angle Analysis on Power Proportion in Generator and Photovoltaic Hybrid Low Voltage System," addresses a critical issue in modern power systems: maintaining stability in low-voltage microsystems that integrate diverse energy sources. With the increasing reliance on renewable energy, particularly photovoltaics, alongside traditional synchronous generators, understanding their synergistic and potentially disruptive interactions is paramount. The study specifically targets the challenges arising from insufficient planning in such hybrid systems, which can compromise the stability of electricity generation, directly impacting connected loads. Employing an experimental methodology, the authors investigated the dynamic behavior of a micro synchronous generator and a grid-tie inverter in a hybrid system supplying a 300-watt linear load. The core of their analysis focused on the generator's rotor angle and its response to varying photovoltaic power contributions. A significant finding is that the system maintains stability and synchronization, with an average rotor angle of 40.2°, when the photovoltaic contribution is kept at approximately 32.26% alongside a 67.74% contribution from the synchronous microgenerator. However, the study critically reveals a threshold: once the photovoltaic supply surpasses 37.00% of the total power, a pronounced shift in the rotor angle occurs, leading to a loss of synchronization in the grid-tie inverter. Furthermore, the research also establishes a linear relationship between irradiance and photovoltaic power distribution. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the operational limits and synchronization challenges within generator and photovoltaic hybrid low-voltage systems. By quantifying the critical threshold for photovoltaic power that can cause synchronization loss, the research offers practical guidance for the design and control of more reliable and stable renewable energy integration in microgrid applications. While the study effectively demonstrates this behavior under a specific linear load and system configuration, future work could explore the impact of varying load types (e.g., non-linear, dynamic) and different system capacities. Expanding the analysis to include advanced control strategies for maintaining synchronization beyond the identified PV threshold would further enhance the utility and applicability of these important findings for developing robust and efficient hybrid energy systems.

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