Zaky 'Ammar Faruq Hibatullah

Rancangan Rumah Sakit Lapangan Tanggap Bencana dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Adaptif

Introduction

Rancangan rumah sakit lapangan tanggap bencana dengan pendekatan arsitektur adaptif. Merancang rumah sakit lapangan adaptif untuk tanggap bencana erupsi Gunung Merapi di Indonesia. Fokus pada arsitektur fleksibel, mobilisasi efisien, & standar WHO FMT untuk penanganan darurat.

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara dengan aktivitas vulkanik yang tinggi menghadapi tantangan besar dalam menangani dampak bencana erupsi gunung berapi, termasuk kebutuhan akan fasilitas medis yang cepat tanggap dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang rumah sakit lapangan yang adaptif terhadap kondisi darurat bencana, khususnya di kawasan terdampak erupsi Gunung Merapi, Kabupaten Sleman. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi arsitektur regulatif dan adaptif, dengan fokus pada fleksibilitas spasial, mobilisasi efisien, serta kemampuan adaptasi terhadap kondisi bencana yang dinamis. Metodologi yang diterapkan meliputi pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Lokasi perancangan ditentukan berdasarkan analisis spasial dan aksesibilitas, dengan Lahan Kapanewon Cangkringan dipilih sebagai tapak potensial. Desain rumah sakit lapangan ini mengacu pada standar Foreign Medical Teams (FMT) tipe 2 dari WHO, yang mencakup layanan bedah darurat, rawat inap, dan diagnostik. Selain itu, rancangan ini diintegrasikan dengan fasilitas pengungsian untuk meningkatkan ketahanan hidup korban bencana. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa konsep arsitektur adaptif mampu memberikan solusi fleksibel dalam memenuhi kebutuhan medis dan nonmedis selama kondisi darurat. Implementasi desain ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model bagi pengelolaan bencana erupsi di Indonesia serta berkontribusi pada pengembangan standar rumah sakit lapangan tanggap bencana yang lebih baik.  Kata Kunci: rumah sakit lapangan, tanggap bencana, arsitektur adaptif, erupsi Gunung Merapi, desain fleksibel.

Review

The paper, "Rancangan Rumah Sakit Lapangan Tanggap Bencana dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Adaptif," addresses a critically important issue in disaster-prone regions like Indonesia: the need for rapid, efficient, and adaptable medical facilities in the aftermath of volcanic eruptions. The research effectively articulates its objective to design a field hospital specifically tailored for dynamic emergency conditions, exemplified by the Mount Merapi eruption zone. The core strength of this work lies in its innovative application of regulative and adaptive architecture, emphasizing spatial flexibility, efficient mobilization, and the inherent capacity to adapt to evolving disaster scenarios, thereby positioning the design as a crucial element in modern disaster response infrastructure. Methodologically, the study appears well-founded for a design-focused project, incorporating a comprehensive approach that includes literature review, field observation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders, which are essential for grounding the design in both theoretical understanding and practical realities. The strategic selection of Kapanewon Cangkringan as a potential site, informed by rigorous spatial and accessibility analysis, underscores a pragmatic and context-aware design process. Crucially, the commitment to international standards, specifically WHO Foreign Medical Teams (FMT) Type 2 – encompassing emergency surgery, inpatient care, and diagnostics – lends significant credibility to the proposed medical response capability. The thoughtful integration of the hospital design with existing evacuation facilities further highlights a holistic and comprehensive view of disaster resilience. The proposed adaptive architectural concept holds substantial promise as a flexible solution to address multifaceted medical and non-medical needs during emergencies, representing a significant advancement in enhancing disaster preparedness. This design has strong potential to serve as a valuable model for managing the impacts of volcanic eruptions across Indonesia and could meaningfully contribute to the development of improved standards for responsive field hospitals globally. While the abstract effectively outlines the design's vision and methodology, a deeper exploration in the full paper of the specific mechanisms of "adaptability" and "flexibility," perhaps detailing material choices, modular construction techniques, and deployment logistics, would further solidify its practical implementability and scalability.

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