Masrur Ikhwan

PRINSIP SISTEM NEGARA DALAM DISKURSUS AYAT-AYAT POLITIK:TINJAUAN TAFSIR MAQASHIDI

Introduction

Prinsip sistem negara dalam diskursus ayat-ayat politik:tinjauan tafsir maqashidi. Temukan 7 prinsip sistem negara dari ayat-ayat politik Al-Qur'an melalui Tafsir Maqashidi. Bahas asas kekuasaan, permusyawaratan, keadilan, dan hak asasi manusia.

Abstract

Fokus pembahasan dalam artikel ini adalah melakukan kajian terhadap berbagai prinsip dasar kenegaraan yang bersumber dari ayat Al-Qur’an. Dalam konteks ini penjelasan AlQur’an terhadap prinsip-prinsip kenegaraan termasuk bagian dari petunjuk (hidayah) yang diberikan kepada pembacanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-diskriptif dengan melibatkan Tafsir Maqashidi yang menawarkan tiga langkah untuk memahami ayat Al-Qur’an. Pertama, melakukan kajian bahasa. Kedua, ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur’an. Ketiga, kemaslahatan sosial. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan penulis, terdapat tujuh asas kenegaraan yang dapat digali dari ayat Al-Qur’an: asas kekuasaan sebagai amanat, asas permusyawaratan, asas keadilan, asas persamaan, asas tujuan negara, asas hak dan kewajibannegara dan rakyat, serta asas dasar hak asasi manusia. Tujuh asas yang ditemukan sesuai dengan kemaslahatan yang menjadi tujuan besar (magza) Al-Qur’an

Review

This article, titled "PRINSIP SISTEM NEGARA DALAM DISKURSUS AYAT-AYAT POLITIK:TINJAUAN TAFSIR MAQASHIDI," presents a timely and relevant exploration into the foundational principles of state governance as derived from the Qur'an. The authors aim to articulate how divine revelation serves as a source of *hidayah* (guidance) for constructing a just and functional state system. In an era where the relationship between religious texts and political thought remains a subject of intense academic and public discourse, this study offers a valuable contribution by systematically analyzing Quranic verses pertaining to statecraft and their implications for modern political philosophy. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive methodology, specifically leveraging the *Tafsir Maqashidi* approach to Quranic exegesis. This method is presented as a three-stage process involving rigorous linguistic analysis, engagement with the broader Qur'anic sciences, and ultimately, a focus on *kemaslahatan sosial* (social benefit or welfare). Through this analytical framework, the study identifies seven core principles of statehood: authority as a trust (*amanat*), consultation (*permusyawaratan*), justice, equality, the clear purpose of the state, the reciprocal rights and obligations between the state and its citizens, and fundamental human rights. The authors assert that these findings are congruent with the overarching objective (*magza*) of the Qur'an, which is the realization of universal welfare (*maslahah*). Overall, this article presents a well-structured and important inquiry into a critical intersection of Islamic thought and political theory. The utilization of *Tafsir Maqashidi* provides a robust framework for deriving contemporary relevance from sacred texts, moving beyond literal interpretations to focus on underlying objectives and societal welfare. The identification of seven distinct principles offers a clear and actionable set of guidelines for understanding Islamic perspectives on state governance. For future development, the full paper would benefit from a more detailed exposition on the specific Quranic verses from which these principles are derived, perhaps illustrating the interpretive journey through the three steps of the *Tafsir Maqashidi* method for each principle. Additionally, exploring the implications of these principles for specific contemporary governance challenges, or comparing them with existing secular political theories, could further enhance the paper's analytical depth and practical applicability.

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