Suitambaye Noubaramadji Yamti, Abel Dafogo Djibagaou, Koutaya Dezoumbe, Amine Akouya, Zita Aleyo Nodjikouambaye, Andrillene Laure Deutou Wondeu, Brahim Boy Otchom, Sabrina Atturo, Giulia Cappelli, Vittorio Colizzi

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at the Bon Samaritain University Hospital Complex in N’Djamena, Chad

Introduction

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes at the bon samaritain university hospital complex in n’djamena, chad. Metabolic Syndrome prevalence is 72.2% among Type 2 Diabetes patients in N'Djamena, Chad. Highlights female predominance, high cardiovascular risk, and need for multidisciplinary management.

Abstract

Introduction: The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is characterized by the presence of at least three of the following five factors: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension. It is relatively common with a prevalence that increases with age and predisposes to the occurrence of cardiovascular complications, hence the motivation of this study, the aim of which was to determine its prevalence in a Chadian population. Method: We conducted a prospective study involving 115 subjects aged 20 to 80 received at the Biochemistry laboratory as part of a monthly visit. The anthropometric and clinical data were recorded, and the biochemical parameters were analyzed on the PENTRA C400 automaton. The MS was defined according to the criteria of the NCEP-ATP III (2001). All of these data were analyzed using Excel 2013 and IBM SPSS software. Results: in our study the prevalence of MS is 72.2% of cases with a female predominance of 86.15% and it increases with age. The most frequent components of the metabolic syndrome were abdominal obesity (71%), arterial hypertension (45%), hypo HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: our results show a high prevalence of MS and its main components which are abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, hypo HDL-cholesterol, explaining in parallel a high level of cardiovascular risk. Management should be multidisciplinary to optimize the risk of chronic complications.

Review

This study addresses a crucial public health issue by investigating the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) among patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) at a university hospital in N’Djamena, Chad. The topic is highly relevant given the increasing global burden of both T2D and MS, and the significant cardiovascular risk associated with their co-occurrence. Data from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Chad, are often scarce, making this study a valuable contribution to understanding the epidemiological landscape of these conditions in a resource-limited setting. The study's aim to determine the prevalence of MS in this specific population is clearly stated and directly addresses a knowledge gap. The authors employed a prospective design, involving 115 subjects, which, despite its relatively modest size, provides initial insights. The methodology outlines the collection of anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data, with MS defined according to the well-established NCEP-ATP III (2001) criteria, lending credibility to the diagnostic approach. The reported prevalence of 72.2% is strikingly high, with a notable female predominance (86.15%) and an increase with age, aligning with trends observed in other populations. The identification of abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and hypo HDL-cholesterol as the most frequent components is important for targeted intervention strategies. While the findings are significant for the local context, several aspects warrant consideration for future research. The single-center design and relatively small sample size may limit the generalizability of the results beyond the specific hospital population. Furthermore, while the title specifies "patients with Type 2 Diabetes," the abstract's method section mentions "115 subjects... received at the Biochemistry laboratory as part of a monthly visit," which could be clarified to confirm that *all* subjects indeed had T2D. Nevertheless, the study effectively highlights a substantial cardiovascular risk in this population and correctly concludes the necessity for multidisciplinary management. This research provides a foundational dataset that can inform local health policies and encourage larger, multi-center studies to further explore risk factors and outcomes in Chad.

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