Polimorfisme cell-cycle regulator cyclin d1 (ccnd1) sebagai faktor risiko metastasis kanker payudara . Penelitian di Bali menganalisis polimorfisme CCND1 sebagai faktor risiko metastasis kanker payudara. Genotipe TT/CT berpotensi tingkatkan risiko, mendukung deteksi dini.
Introduction: Breast cancer continues to rise globally, with a high risk of metastasis, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Evidence on biomarkers that predict metastatic risk remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the role of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1) polymorphism as a risk factor for breast cancer metastasis in Bali, to support earlier detection and more effective management. Methods: This analytical case-control study was conducted at the Integrated Biomedical and Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, from January to June 2023. Venous blood samples from breast cancer patients treated at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital were analyzed to determine CCND1 polymorphisms. A total sampling approach was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows, version 25.0, to assess the association between CCND1 polymorphisms and breast cancer metastasis. Results: Forty-five subjects were included. The mean age was 49.36 ± 10.48 years in the metastasis group and 50.33 ± 9.53 years in the non-metastasis group. All grade I cases experienced metastasis (100%), and the majority of grade II and III cases also developed metastasis (71.4% and 85%, respectively). Among subjects with CCND1 TT/CT genotypes, 86.2% had metastasis, compared with 68.8% of those with the CC genotype. Bivariate analysis showed that the TT/CT genotype was associated with a 2.84-fold higher odds of metastasis relative to CC, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.245). Conclusion: The CCND1 polymorphism may represent a risk factor for breast cancer metastasis, although the observed association did not reach statistical significance. Pendahuluan: Kanker payudara terus mengalami peningkatan dengan risiko metastasis tinggi khususnya Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Data mengenai marker penanda risiko metastasis masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran polimorfisme cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1) sebagai faktor risiko metastasis kanker payudara di Bali, guna mendukung deteksi dini dan penatalaksanaan lebih efektif. Metode: Penelitian analitik case-control ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu dan Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana pada Januari–Juni 2023. Sampel darah vena pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah dianalisis untuk polimorfisme CCND1, menggunakan teknik total sampling dan analisis data dengan SPSS for Windows versi 25.0 untuk mengetahui hubungan polimorfisme CCND1 dengan metastasis kanker payudara. Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 45 subjek, dengan rerata usia kelompok metastasis 49,36 ± 10,48 tahun dan kelompok non-metastasis 50,33 ± 9,53 tahun. Semua subjek grade I mengalami metastasis (100%), sedangkan pada grade II dan III, mayoritas juga mengalami metastasis (71,4% dan 85%). Subjek dengan polimorfisme CCND1 genotipe TT/CT (86,2%) dan genotipe CC (68,8%) mengalami metastasis. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa genotipe TT/CT memiliki kemungkinan 2,84 kali lebih tinggi untuk bermetastasis dibandingkan genotipe CC, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,245). Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme CCND1 berpotensi menjadi faktor risiko metastasis kanker payudara, meski hubungan ini tidak signifikan secara statistik.
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