Nuraeni, Akmal, Muh Alfiansyah, Mu’min, Uniarti, Nabila Khansa, Sri Wahyuni, Jusmiati

Perlawanan Arung Palakka terhadap Hegemoni Kerajaan Gowa: Kajian Historis dan Sosial Budaya Perang Makassar (1666–1669)

Introduction

Perlawanan arung palakka terhadap hegemoni kerajaan gowa: kajian historis dan sosial budaya perang makassar (1666–1669). Kaji perlawanan Arung Palakka terhadap hegemoni Kerajaan Gowa dalam Perang Makassar (1666-1669). Telusuri latar belakang historis, sosiopolitik, & budaya perjuangan Bone di Sulawesi Selatan abad ke-17.

Abstract

Abstract This study aims to examine Arung Palakka's resistance to the dominance of the Gowa Kingdom in the context of the Makassar War (1666–1669), and to examine the socio-political background underlying the conflict. Arung Palakka was a central figure in the Bone Kingdom's struggle for independence from the hegemony of the Gowa Kingdom, through strategic collaboration with the Dutch VOC. This study uses a historical method with a qualitative descriptive approach through literature study, and applies an interdisciplinary approach, namely history, politics, sociology-religion, and cultural anthropology. The results of the study show that Arung Palakka's resistance was not only based on the interests of power alone, but also on cultural values such as siri', pesse', and the desire to eliminate oppression and forced labor carried out by Gowa against the Bone people. His collaboration with the VOC was the key to victory in the Makassar War and resulted in the Bungaya Agreement (1667), which had major implications for political repositioning in South Sulawesi. The implications of this study emphasize that figures such as Arung Palakka must be viewed contextually in the complex landscape of local struggles, not merely as colonial collaborators. This research is expected to enrich local historical studies and become a reference for further research on the dynamics of power in the archipelago in the 17th century. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlawanan Arung Palakka terhadap dominasi Kerajaan Gowa dalam konteks Perang Makassar (1666–1669), serta menelaah latar belakang sosial-politik yang melatari konflik tersebut. Arung Palakka merupakan tokoh sentral dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Kerajaan Bone dari hegemoni Kerajaan Gowa, melalui kolaborasi strategis dengan VOC Belanda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi pustaka, serta menerapkan pendekatan interdisipliner, yaitu sejarah, politik, sosiologi-agama, dan antropologi budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlawanan Arung Palakka tidak hanya dilandasi oleh kepentingan kekuasaan semata, tetapi juga oleh nilai-nilai budaya seperti siri’, pesse’, dan keinginan untuk menghapuskan penindasan serta kerja paksa yang dilakukan oleh Gowa terhadap rakyat Bone. Kolaborasinya dengan VOC menjadi kunci kemenangan dalam Perang Makassar dan menghasilkan Perjanjian Bungaya (1667), yang berimplikasi besar terhadap reposisi politik di Sulawesi Selatan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa tokoh seperti Arung Palakka harus dilihat secara kontekstual dalam lanskap perjuangan lokal yang kompleks, bukan semata-mata sebagai kolaborator kolonial. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya kajian sejarah lokal serta menjadi rujukan bagi penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai dinamika kekuasaan di Nusantara pada abad ke-17.

Review

This study presents a compelling and timely re-examination of Arung Palakka's resistance against the Gowa Kingdom during the Makassar War (1666–1669). Its primary strength lies in its ambitious goal to move beyond a simplistic portrayal of Arung Palakka as merely a colonial collaborator, instead offering a nuanced perspective rooted in local cultural values such as *siri'* and *pesse'*, alongside the desire to eliminate oppression and forced labor. The interdisciplinary approach, integrating history, politics, sociology-religion, and cultural anthropology, promises a rich and comprehensive analysis of the socio-political background of this pivotal conflict. This breadth of perspective is crucial for understanding the complex motivations and dynamics at play in 17th-century Nusantara, enhancing our appreciation of local agency within a broader colonial context. While the abstract outlines a robust methodological approach through historical qualitative description and literature study, the full paper must critically unpack the "strategic collaboration" with the Dutch VOC. While reframing Arung Palakka's motivations is valuable, a thorough analysis should also explore the long-term implications and potential complexities of such alliances, ensuring the VOC's imperialistic agenda is not inadvertently underplayed, even when focusing on local agency. Furthermore, the effectiveness of integrating the cultural values of *siri'* and *pesse'* as key drivers for resistance will depend on the depth of historical evidence and contextualization provided. A strong demonstration of how these values specifically informed Arung Palakka's actions and mobilized the Bone people would significantly strengthen the study's central argument. Overall, this research promises to be a valuable addition to the historiography of South Sulawesi and 17th-century Indonesian archipelago. By advocating for a contextual understanding of figures like Arung Palakka, it challenges prevailing narratives and enriches our understanding of local struggles amidst emerging colonial powers. The study's focus on cultural motivations and its interdisciplinary lens makes it a significant contribution to the field, offering a fresh perspective on power dynamics, resistance, and the intricate web of alliances during a transformative period. It serves as an excellent foundation for further research into the multifaceted nature of pre-colonial and early colonial interactions in Southeast Asia, providing a crucial reference for scholars interested in local history and the complexities of indigenous agency.

Full Text

Comments

You need to be logged in to post a comment.