Metalika Gunena, Anritsu Steven Christian Polii, Antonius P. G. Manginsela, Franky Manoppo, Olga Engelien Melo

Perancangan Infrastruktur Virtual Laboratory Multi-Layanan Berbasis Cloud Computing Menggunakan Metode NDLC

Introduction

Perancangan infrastruktur virtual laboratory multi-layanan berbasis cloud computing menggunakan metode ndlc. Rancang bangun infrastruktur virtual laboratory multi-layanan berbasis cloud computing menggunakan metode NDLC. Atasi kendala hardware mahasiswa untuk praktikum komputasi di pendidikan tinggi dengan IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, Proxmox, Docker, dan akses aman.

Abstract

The limited hardware specifications of student devices remain a major obstacle in conducting computation-based practical courses in higher education, particularly in practicums that require applications with high computational resource demands, such as programming software, network simulation tools, and various other supporting applications, which often cannot run optimally on student devices with low specifications. This condition causes practical learning to become inconsistent and highly dependent on the capability of each student's personal device. Based on this problem, this research aims to design and simulate a cloud computing-based Virtual Laboratory system that can be accessed through a web browser without requiring high hardware specifications on the user side, while also contributing an integrated virtual laboratory architecture that combines three cloud computing service models simultaneously, namely Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). As a solution, IaaS is built using Proxmox Virtual Environment (VE) as a type-1 hypervisor, pfSense as a virtual firewall, Ubuntu Server as the service host, and Docker as the containerization platform, along with Cloudflare Tunnel using a Zero Trust architecture to ensure accessibility from outside the campus network without dependence on a static public IP. The system is equipped with multi-role authentication (student, lecturer, admin) based on Student ID Number (NIM) or National Lecturer ID Number (NIDN) verification and OTP verification, a QR code-based Attendance module integrated with the Timetable module, and a main portal built as an installable Progressive Web App (PWA) on user devices. The system was developed using the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method. Preliminary functional testing results show that all services in the Programming Class and Network Class, including the Attendance and Timetable modules, were successfully accessed from outside the campus network, and the multi-role authentication system functioned as designed.

Review

This paper tackles the significant challenge of providing consistent, computation-intensive practical learning experiences in higher education, often hampered by students' diverse and frequently under-specced personal hardware. The proposed solution, a cloud-computing-based virtual laboratory, is commendably designed to address this by offering a web browser-accessible environment that minimizes client-side hardware requirements. A particularly strong aspect highlighted is the integrated architecture, which ambitiously combines Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) models, aiming for a holistic virtual lab environment. The systematic approach using the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method suggests a structured and well-thought-out development process. Technically, the system's design is robust and well-specified, leveraging Proxmox VE for virtualization, pfSense for virtual firewall capabilities, Ubuntu Server as the service host, and Docker for containerization, which are all industry-standard and effective choices. The inclusion of Cloudflare Tunnel with a Zero Trust architecture for secure external accessibility without needing a static public IP is a pragmatic and innovative solution for educational institutions. Beyond the core infrastructure, the system incorporates critical features like multi-role authentication with OTP, a QR code-based attendance module integrated with timetables, and a Progressive Web App (PWA) portal, enhancing user experience and administrative efficiency. The abstract's mention of successful preliminary functional testing for core services and authentication from outside the campus network provides an initial validation of the design's feasibility. While the abstract presents a highly promising design and initial functional validation, the scope of the "preliminary functional testing" leaves several important areas for further investigation and detailed reporting in the full paper. Notably absent is any discussion of performance metrics, scalability under realistic load conditions, or an evaluation of the user experience beyond simple accessibility. How does the system handle concurrent users, and what are the actual computational resource demands and latency experienced by students? Furthermore, a deeper exploration into the *synergy* and specific benefits derived from simultaneously employing IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS within a single virtual lab environment would significantly strengthen the theoretical and practical contributions. Future work should ideally focus on comprehensive non-functional testing, cost-effectiveness analysis, and a comparative study with existing virtual lab solutions to fully quantify the advantages of this "multi-layanan" approach.

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