Vikri Pramana Putra, Januardo Sulung Partogi Sihombing

Paradoks Hukum Perdagangan Indonesia: Antara Green Economy dan Ekspor Sumber Daya Alam yang Eksploitatif

Introduction

Paradoks hukum perdagangan indonesia: antara green economy dan ekspor sumber daya alam yang eksploitatif. Menganalisis paradoks hukum perdagangan Indonesia antara ekonomi hijau dan ekspor SDA eksploitatif. Temukan strategi hukum untuk menyelaraskan pembangunan berkelanjutan, keadilan ekologis, dan SDGs.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and formulate legal strategies that reconcile Indonesia’s natural resource (NR) export interests with its commitment to sustainable development as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research is driven by the escalating tension between short-term economic growth fueled by raw commodity exports and the global imperatives of environmental sustainability and green economy transition. Employing a normative juridical method combined with qualitative analysis, this study critically examines the substance and implementation of the Job Creation Law, the Mining Law, and the Plantation Law, assessing their coherence with principles of ecological justice, environmental governance, and green trade. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s current regulatory framework remains sectoral and predominantly economistic, lacking substantive integration of sustainability principles and resulting in regulatory fragmentation across sectors. The novelty of this research lies in its conceptual synthesis of international trade law, environmental law, and SDGs into a unified legal development framework, supported by a transformative reform model aimed at embedding sustainability into national legal systems. This study concludes that ecological mainstreaming, institutional harmonization, adoption of green-certified export instruments, and the incorporation of Islamic legal values and local wisdom in resource governance are essential to achieving ecological justice and intergenerational equity in Indonesia’s natural resource management. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merumuskan strategi hukum yang mampu menyeimbangkan kepentingan ekspor sumber daya alam (SDA) Indonesia dengan komitmen terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Urgensi penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya ketegangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi jangka pendek yang didorong oleh ekspor komoditas mentah dan tuntutan global terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan serta transisi menuju ekonomi hijau. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang dipadukan dengan analisis kualitatif untuk mengkaji substansi dan implementasi tiga regulasi utama Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, Undang-Undang Minerba, dan Undang-Undang Perkebunan serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip keadilan ekologis, tata kelola lingkungan, dan standar perdagangan hijau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rezim regulasi nasional masih bersifat sektoral dan ekonomistik, belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan prinsip keberlanjutan secara substantif, dan menimbulkan konflik pengaturan lintas sektor. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis konseptual antara hukum perdagangan internasional, hukum lingkungan, dan SDGs dalam satu kerangka pembangunan hukum yang terpadu, disertai model reformasi hukum transformatif untuk mengarusutamakan keberlanjutan dalam sistem hukum nasional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengarusutamaan ekologi, harmonisasi kelembagaan lintas sektor, penerapan instrumen ekspor bersertifikat hijau, serta pengintegrasian nilai-nilai hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam merupakan langkah strategis menuju keadilan ekologis dan tanggung jawab antargenerasi dalam pengelolaan SDA Indonesia.

Review

This study addresses a critical and timely paradox within Indonesian trade law: the tension between economic growth fueled by natural resource exports and the imperatives of sustainable development and a green economy. The research directly tackles Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by aiming to formulate legal strategies for reconciliation. Employing a normative juridical method coupled with qualitative analysis, the paper meticulously examines key national legislation – the Job Creation Law, Mining Law, and Plantation Law – against principles of ecological justice and green trade. The findings aptly highlight a significant challenge: a fragmented, sectoral, and predominantly economistic regulatory framework that currently hinders substantive integration of sustainability principles. A notable strength of this research lies in its ambitious interdisciplinary approach, synthesizing international trade law, environmental law, and the SDGs into a unified legal development framework. This conceptual integration, which the authors identify as a core novelty, provides a robust and holistic lens through which to critique existing regulations and propose forward-looking reforms. The proposed "transformative reform model" promises to embed sustainability deeply within the national legal system, moving beyond superficial adjustments. Furthermore, the practical recommendations, including ecological mainstreaming, institutional harmonization, the adoption of green-certified export instruments, and particularly the innovative incorporation of Islamic legal values and local wisdom, offer a comprehensive and culturally attuned pathway towards achieving ecological justice and intergenerational equity in natural resource management. While the abstract presents a compelling case for urgent legal reform, a deeper elaboration on the practical mechanisms for integrating "Islamic legal values and local wisdom" into formal resource governance would significantly enhance the transformative potential of the proposed model. Clarifying how these values translate into concrete legal provisions or enforcement practices, and addressing potential challenges in their implementation across diverse regional contexts, would be invaluable. Similarly, exploring the political economy aspects that perpetuate the current "economistic" framework and outlining specific strategies to overcome entrenched interests could further strengthen the strategic recommendations. Nevertheless, this study offers a highly relevant and insightful contribution, providing a foundational critique and a comprehensive reform agenda for navigating Indonesia’s complex natural resource governance landscape towards a truly sustainable future.

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