Elvira Narvaja de Arnoux

Los discursos en torno al clima y al medioambiente

Introduction

Los discursos en torno al clima y al medioambiente. Explora discursos sobre clima y medioambiente, comparando la Agenda 2030 y Laudato si' con posturas negacionistas y extractivistas, analizando la retórica de Javier Milei.

Abstract

Entre los discursos en torno al clima y el medioambiente, que se han multiplicado en los últimos años, dos textos estabilizan los producidos con anterioridad: la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas y la encíclica Laudato si’ del Papa Francisco, publicados en 2015. Si bien comparten muchos rasgos propios del “progresismo”, difieren por el marco institucional, el lugar de autoridad que construyen, los rasgos genéricos y por cómo articulan la agenda ecológica con otros aspectos de la vida social, lo que la fórmula Desarrollo Sostenible habilita. A esos aspectos nos referimos en la primera parte. Asimismo, en tanto acontecimientos discursivos esos documentos se abren a retomes y cuestionamientos, entre otros de los negacionistas del cambio climático y defensores de un extractivismo poco controlado. De allí el interés de contrastarlos con el posicionamiento del presidente argentino, Javier Milei. En ese sentido, analizamos, en la segunda parte,  algunas estrategias argumentativas: descalificación de la posición contraria, legitimación y atenuación de responsabilidades, naturalización de la yuxtaposición / asociación de aspectos heterogéneos y el despliegue reformulativo. Cerramos con la referencia a modos de regulación y control de la discursividad ejercidos por la derecha “libertaria” en relación con los temas ambientales.

Review

This paper proposes a timely and highly relevant analysis of climate and environmental discourses, which have become increasingly central in public and academic debates. The authors effectively identify two seminal texts from 2015, the UN's Agenda 2030 and Pope Francis’s encyclical *Laudato si’*, as crucial reference points that stabilize prior discussions. The initial focus on comparing these documents based on their institutional framework, locus of authority, generic traits, and their articulation of ecological and social agendas, particularly through the lens of Sustainable Development, sets a strong analytical foundation. This comparative approach promises to illuminate the nuanced similarities and significant divergences between two profoundly influential, yet distinct, global narratives on environment and development. A particular strength of this work lies in its commitment to extend beyond the foundational texts to examine their reception and contestation in contemporary discourse. The abstract highlights the critical inclusion of perspectives from climate change deniers and proponents of unregulated extractivism, thus grounding the analysis in current political and societal realities. The decision to contrast these with the positioning of Argentine President Javier Milei provides an especially pertinent and specific case study, offering a lens into the "libertarian" right's discursive strategies concerning environmental issues. The identified argumentative tactics—such as the disqualification of opposing views, legitimation, mitigation of responsibilities, naturalization of heterogeneous associations, and reformulative deployment—suggest a sophisticated and detailed discourse analysis that will uncover the mechanics of these counter-narratives. While the abstract clearly outlines the paper's ambitious scope and methodological approach, a brief mention of the specific theoretical framework guiding the discourse analysis (e.g., critical discourse analysis, rhetorical theory) would further solidify its academic grounding. Additionally, elaborating slightly on *how* the "libertarian" right exercises "modes of regulation and control of discursivity" would enhance this concluding point. Nonetheless, the paper promises to be a valuable contribution to understanding the complex interplay of authoritative pronouncements, critical reception, and political discourse in shaping environmental debates. Its focus on highly relevant texts and figures, coupled with a robust analytical strategy, indicates a significant and insightful addition to the literature on climate and environmental communication.

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