Yonalli Tondopó Mendoza

La vivienda tradicional tuxtleca: patrimonio soslayado

Introduction

La vivienda tradicional tuxtleca: patrimonio soslayado. Vivienda tradicional de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas: patrimonio olvidado. Este estudio visibiliza su declive y desaparición por el crecimiento urbano, resaltando su valor histórico.

Abstract

Tuxtla Gutiérrez es la ciudad capital del estado de Chiapas, México. Fundada por frailes dominicos en 1560, Tuxtla Gutiérrez comenzó como un pueblo de indígenas zoque con cuatro barrios principales: Santo Domingo, San Jacinto, San Andrés y San Miguel. Durante muchos siglos, este asentamiento tuvo como elemento fundamental la vivienda tradicional, una arquitectura predominante. Sin embargo, en el siglo XX esta comenzó a peligrar, pues el crecimiento demográfico, urbano y económico propició su minimización e infravaloración al alterar sus propiedades materiales, estilísticas y arquitectónicas; asimismo, al cambiar su uso habitacional por comercial o mixto, y, en los casos más graves, suscitar su desaparición total. Este documento revisa las viviendas tradicionales consideradas relevantes en la ciudad por estar inscritas en el Catálogo Nacional de Monumentos Históricos Inmuebles elaborado por la Coordinación Nacional de Monumentos Históricos, entidad del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). La intención es visibilizar su desfavorable situación actual, ya que, lamentablemente, un número significativo de estos inmuebles ha desaparecido del paisaje de la ciudad y se conserva solo como vestigio documental.

Review

The paper "La vivienda tradicional tuxtleca: patrimonio soslayado" addresses a critical concern regarding the erosion of architectural heritage in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, the capital of Chiapas, Mexico. The authors skillfully introduce the historical context of the city, founded by Dominican friars in 1560, emphasizing the traditional housing as a fundamental and predominant architectural element for centuries. However, the core issue lies in the vulnerability of this heritage since the 20th century, where rapid demographic, urban, and economic growth has led to its minimization, undervaluation, and significant alteration or, tragically, outright disappearance. The study's methodology focuses on a review of traditional dwellings recognized as historically relevant by their inscription in the Catálogo Nacional de Monumentos Históricos Inmuebles, compiled by the INAH. This approach lends a robust, official dimension to the properties under examination. The paper compellingly argues that the aforementioned growth has not only altered the material, stylistic, and architectural properties of these homes but also changed their use from residential to commercial or mixed, often culminating in their total loss. The stated intention to "make visible their unfavorable current situation" is central, particularly as the abstract reveals the poignant finding that a significant number of these listed properties now exist only as "documentary vestiges," having vanished from the urban landscape. This review makes a significant and urgent contribution to the discourse on urban heritage preservation, particularly in rapidly developing regions. By meticulously highlighting the fate of officially recognized historic monuments, the paper underscores the profound challenges faced even by designated heritage sites when confronted with unchecked urban expansion and a lack of appreciation. The stark revelation that many cataloged properties have disappeared serves as a potent call to action for policymakers, conservationists, and local communities. The work is invaluable for its ability to transform abstract concerns about heritage loss into a concrete, alarming reality, urging a shift from mere documentation to proactive and effective preservation strategies for traditional architectural patrimony.

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