Indah Nur Elasari , Rihan Ali Abdillah , Satria Prasna Dewa , Jafni Amanda Kinarossa Widjaja, Lisa Lisdiana

IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM FOOD COURT WASTEWATER BASED ON 16S rRNA GENE SEQUENCES

Introduction

Identification of bacteria from food court wastewater based on 16s rrna gene sequences. Identify bacteria in food court wastewater via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Discover Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, and potential pathogens. Crucial for public health & water quality improvement.

Abstract

Environmental safety and public health are greatly influenced by the microbiological elements such as bacterial community, where these organisms can be used as indicators of environmental quality and sources of potential biological hazards. The identification of bacteria in wastewater is an important aspect of environmental microbiology studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the bacterial species in food court wastewater at State University of Surabaya (UNESA) Campus 1. The methods used were exploratory, including bacterial cultivation, DNA extraction, quantitative and qualitative DNA analysis, amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments, sequencing, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. From phylogenetic analysis, five test isolates were related to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Chromatiaceae, and Halomonadaceae. Isolates BU4 and BU5 were most closely related to genus Aeromonas with a similarity of 98.60% and 97.27%, respectively, while isolate BU3 was closely related to genus Klebsiella with a similarity of 96.91%. Meanwhile, isolates BU1 and BU2 cannot yet be identified into a bacterial genus. The results of this study provide important information regarding the prediction of pathogenic bacteria types, which can serve as the basis for recommending further action to prevent disease, improve water quality, and increase the sterility of the food court area.

Review

This study presents a timely and relevant investigation into the bacterial communities present in food court wastewater, utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify key species. The authors clearly outline the significance of understanding microbial elements in such environments for both environmental safety and public health, framing the identification of bacteria in food court wastewater as a critical step in environmental microbiology. The methodology described—encompassing bacterial cultivation, DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis—is standard and appropriate for achieving the stated objective of identifying bacterial species. The findings reveal a diverse bacterial community, with five identified isolates related to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Chromatiaceae, and Halomonadaceae. The specific identification of isolates BU4 and BU5 as *Aeromonas* (with high similarity percentages) and isolate BU3 as *Klebsiella* is particularly noteworthy, given that both genera frequently contain species pathogenic to humans. This directly supports the authors' claim of providing information regarding the prediction of pathogenic bacteria types. The report also highlights that isolates BU1 and BU2 could not be identified to a bacterial genus, an intriguing result that could point towards novel species or limitations in current databases, warranting further discussion. Overall, the research provides important baseline data on the microbial composition of food court wastewater at the specified university campus. By identifying potentially pathogenic bacteria, the study lays a crucial foundation for developing targeted recommendations aimed at disease prevention, improving water quality, and enhancing the sterility of food court areas. While the abstract offers a concise overview, the inability to identify two isolates suggests avenues for deeper exploration, perhaps through more extensive sequencing or complementary analyses. This initial identification is a significant step towards mitigating public health risks associated with wastewater in food service environments.

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