Hidayatulah, Tajul Arifin

Hutang Piutang Dalam Islam: Kajian Kritik Hadis Tentang Penundaan Pembayaran

Introduction

Hutang piutang dalam islam: kajian kritik hadis tentang penundaan pembayaran. Kaji hukum hutang piutang dalam Islam. Analisis kritis Hadis Bukhari 2400 tentang penundaan pembayaran utang, menegaskan keaslian dan pentingnya menunaikan kewajiban tepat waktu sesuai syariat.

Abstract

Debt is one form of muamalah permitted in Islam. It serves as an economic activity conducted by individuals to fulfill their needs. Islam provides clear guidelines and laws regarding debt, including the obligation to repay debts on time. This study aims to discuss hadiths on debt, focusing on the legal ruling concerning delaying debt repayment by those capable of paying, with reference to Hadith Bukhari No. 2400. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data from hadith compilations, commentaries (syarh), classical and contemporary fiqh books, as well as scholarly journals. The analysis involves stages of takhrij, sanad criticism, matan criticism, and commentary (syarh) discussion. The findings reveal that the hadith is authentic (sahih) in terms of both sanad and matan, emphasizing the legal implication that delaying debt repayment without a valid reason constitutes an act of injustice. This research highlights the importance of timely debt repayment as a trust in Islam, contributing to the development of fiqh muamalah literature and supporting a fair and responsible Islamic legal system.

Review

This paper, titled "Hutang Piutang Dalam Islam: Kajian Kritik Hadis Tentang Penundaan Pembayaran," presents a critical examination of debt repayment within Islam, specifically addressing the legal implications of delaying payment by those who are capable. The topic is highly relevant, given debt's fundamental role in economic activity and the clear ethical and legal frameworks Islam provides for it. The study's stated aim is to discuss hadiths on debt, focusing on the legal ruling concerning late repayment with specific reference to Hadith Bukhari No. 2400, employing a rigorous descriptive-analytical methodology that promises a deep dive into both primary and secondary Islamic sources. The methodological approach outlined appears robust and systematic, involving comprehensive stages of takhrij, sanad criticism, matan criticism, and in-depth commentary (syarh) discussion. This systematic critical analysis of Hadith Bukhari No. 2400 lends significant credibility to the findings, ensuring a thorough grounding in traditional Islamic scholarship. The research successfully concludes that the chosen hadith is authentic (sahih) in both its chain of narration and text, firmly establishing the legal principle that unjustified delay in debt repayment by a capable individual constitutes an act of injustice. This clear and definitive finding not only reinforces core Islamic teachings on financial trust but also offers a valuable contribution to the existing body of fiqh muamalah literature. Overall, the paper presents a focused and methodologically sound inquiry into a critical aspect of Islamic finance. Its emphasis on timely debt repayment as an Islamic trust is vital for fostering ethical economic practices and supporting a just financial system. While the abstract strongly outlines the theological and legal dimensions, the full paper would benefit from a more explicit discussion of the contemporary practical implications of these rulings, perhaps exploring the nuances of "valid reasons" for delay or how these principles are applied in modern Islamic financial institutions and individual transactions. Nevertheless, this study is a valuable contribution to Islamic jurisprudence and ethics, successfully strengthening the understanding of a fair and responsible Islamic legal system.

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