Wiji Indah Lestari, Fitsyal Febriyadin, Effatul Afifah, Muhammad Evan Takamitsu Kurniawan, Rini Marlina, Lisana Shidiq Aliya

Hubungan Faktor Pola Hidup Dengan Status Gizi dan Komposisi Tubuh Karyawan

Introduction

Hubungan faktor pola hidup dengan status gizi dan komposisi tubuh karyawan. Kaji hubungan pola hidup sedentari, status gizi, & komposisi tubuh pada karyawan kantoran. Temukan perbedaan gender, korelasi kualitas tidur, konsumsi buah & sayur dengan lemak tubuh.

Abstract

Gaya hidup sedentari yang semakin dominan di kalangan karyawan kantoran akibat kemajuan teknologi telah berkontribusi terhadap penurunan aktivitas fisik, peningkatan risiko kelebihan berat badan, obesitas, serta perubahan komposisi tubuh. Aktivitas fisik yang rendah berdampak pada akumulasi lemak tubuh dan penurunan massa otot. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok masyarakat tradisional dan modern dalam hal status gizi dan komposisi tubuh. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengkaji hubungan pola hidup dengan status gizi dan komposisi tubuh pada karyawan kantoran, termasuk mempertimbangkan perbedaan berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor pola hidup dengan status gizi dan komposisi tubuh pada karyawan kantoran. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian analitik observasional menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, Teknik pengambilan menggunakan convenience sampling, jumlah sampel 40 karyawan untuk pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pengukuran antropometri dan komposisi tubuh, analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji chi-square dan Spearman’s rho.  Berdasarkan hasil uji t independen diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin terhadap komposisi tubuh (persen lemak p 0,004; massa otot p <0,001), di mana perempuan memiliki persentase lemak dan lemak visceral yang lebih tinggi, serta massa otot yang lebih rendah dibandingkan laki-laki. Selain itu, kualitas tidur menunjukkan korelasi signifikan dengan lemak visceral, sementara porsi konsumsi buah berkorelasi positif dengan persentase lemak tubuh dan porsi konsumsi sayur berkolerasi positif dengan IMT dan persentase lemak tubuh.

Review

This study addresses a highly relevant and timely topic: the impact of sedentary lifestyles, increasingly prevalent among office workers due to technological advancements, on nutritional status and body composition. The authors rightly highlight the potential for decreased physical activity to contribute to overweight, obesity, and unfavorable body composition changes, drawing a pertinent link to public health concerns. The stated aim to analyze the relationship between various lifestyle factors with nutritional status and body composition, including gender-specific differences, is well-articulated and sets a clear objective for the research. The paper's focus on office employees, a population segment particularly susceptible to these modern health challenges, underscores its practical significance. Methodologically, the study employs a quantitative, observational analytic cross-sectional design, utilizing convenience sampling to recruit 40 employees. Data collection involved questionnaires for lifestyle factors, alongside anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests, chi-square, and Spearman's rho. Key findings indicate a significant gender difference in body composition, with females exhibiting higher percentages of body fat and visceral fat, and lower muscle mass compared to males. Furthermore, sleep quality demonstrated a significant correlation with visceral fat. However, the reported positive correlations between fruit consumption and body fat percentage, and between vegetable consumption and both BMI and body fat percentage, are particularly noteworthy and counterintuitive, requiring careful consideration and further explanation. While the study provides valuable preliminary insights into the lifestyle factors influencing body composition among office workers, several aspects warrant critical review. The sample size of 40 employees, recruited via convenience sampling, is quite small and limits the generalizability of the findings, especially given the cross-sectional design which precludes the establishment of causality. Most critically, the counterintuitive positive correlations between seemingly healthy dietary components (fruit and vegetable intake) and adverse body composition outcomes (higher fat percentage, BMI) raise significant questions about data collection, dietary assessment methods, potential confounding factors, or interpretation of results. Future research would benefit immensely from a larger, more representative sample, a longitudinal design to explore causal links, and a more robust and detailed dietary assessment methodology to clarify these unexpected associations. Despite these limitations, the study successfully highlights the need for tailored interventions addressing sleep quality and lifestyle in this at-risk population, emphasizing the distinct gender-based differences in body composition.

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