Bono Setyo, M. Iqbal Sultan, Lelita Azaria Rahmadiva, Muhammad Syarkawi

Expanding The Boundaries of Tolerance in Indonesia

Introduction

Expanding the boundaries of tolerance in indonesia. Study conflict resolution between Sunni and Wahhabi groups in East Lombok, Indonesia. This qualitative research reveals how local negotiation, mediation, and tolerance efforts prevent social violence.

Abstract

Conflict originates from differences that develop in society. These differences include gender, ethnicity, nationality, culture, social and economic strata, politics, religion, and beliefs, including religious sects. This study aims to determine the resolution of conflicts arising from differences in khilafah between Sunni and Wahhabi schools in East Lombok, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach. Researchers obtain both primary and secondary data related to the problem by going directly to the research object (field research). Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation for qualitative data analysis in this study, using the flow model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The study's results show differences between the Sunni and Wahhabi schools of thought that developed in the village of Bebidas, Wanasaba, East Lombok, where adherents of each school hold that their respective religions' teachings and practices are authentic. This difference in understanding and practice of religion is the source of conflict. Conflict resolution is necessary to identify solutions that prevent or minimise disputes, thereby avoiding escalation to physical violence. Among other things, disputes are handled through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and by the local village government. Additionally, efforts were made to resolve the conflict by raising the tolerance threshold between the parties. This finding also has implications for conflicts originating from other differences that develop in society. Researchers also emphasise the importance of conducting research from multiple scientific perspectives.

Review

The study, "Expanding The Boundaries of Tolerance in Indonesia," addresses a highly pertinent and critical issue concerning social cohesion and conflict resolution in a diverse society. The abstract clearly states the research's objective: to investigate conflict resolution strategies stemming from doctrinal differences, specifically between Sunni and Wahhabi adherents concerning *khilafah* in East Lombok. Employing a qualitative approach with field research, including observation, interviews, and documentation, the study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how such religiously-rooted disputes are managed at the local level, highlighting the role of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms and the crucial aspect of raising tolerance thresholds. While the study's focus is commendable, several aspects in the abstract warrant further clarification and deeper analysis in the full manuscript. Firstly, the precise nature of the "differences in khilafah between Sunni and Wahhabi schools" needs to be more explicitly defined. While *khilafah* typically refers to the caliphate, the abstract later generalizes this to "difference in understanding and practice of religion." A clearer articulation of the specific theological or jurisprudential points of contention that escalated to conflict would enhance the study's analytical rigor. Secondly, the listed conflict resolution methods—negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and local government intervention—are standard. The unique contribution, therefore, rests heavily on the concept of "raising the tolerance threshold." The full paper must elaborate on *how* this threshold was assessed, raised, and sustained, beyond merely listing it as an outcome. Finally, the claim that "This finding also has implications for conflicts originating from other differences that develop in society" is ambitious. While the potential for broader applicability exists, the abstract does not provide sufficient detail to justify such a strong assertion, particularly for a single qualitative case study. Despite these observations, the study tackles a vital subject and offers valuable insights into localized conflict dynamics and resolution efforts in Indonesia. The strength of this research will ultimately lie in the detailed exposition of the specific doctrines creating friction, the nuanced process of local conflict resolution, and the tangible methods employed to foster tolerance. The emphasis on "conducting research from multiple scientific perspectives" is also a welcome suggestion for future work. The full paper would benefit significantly from a more detailed conceptualization of the conflict's roots, a clearer operationalization of "tolerance threshold," and a cautious approach to the generalizability of its findings. With these clarifications, the study has the potential to make a significant contribution to the literature on interfaith relations and peacebuilding in diverse societies.

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