Ryan Haryo Setyawan, Rafli Zulfa Kamil

Edible mushroom potency to alleviate stunting through gut microbiota modulation: A review

Introduction

Edible mushroom potency to alleviate stunting through gut microbiota modulation: a review. Ulasan ini meneliti potensi jamur pangan dalam mengatasi stunting di Indonesia. Pelajari bagaimana jamur memodulasi mikrobiota usus, meningkatkan nutrisi, dan mendukung pertumbuhan balita optimal.

Abstract

Stunting telah menjadi hal yang patut diperhatikan bagi Indonesia, karena 30,8% balita di Indonesia mengalami stunting pada 2018. Stunting menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, terutama kapasistas inteligensi, anak menjadi tidak optimal. Di kemudian hari, stunting akan memengaruhi produktivitas anak tersebut di masa dewasanya hingga kualitas sumber daya manusia nasional. Stunting menunjukkan tidak tercukupinya kebutuhan nutrisi anak terutama pada 1.000 hari pertama kehidupannya, yang dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi dan terkena penyakit menular menjadi penyebab langsung seorang anak mengalami stunting. Penelitian terkini telah mempelajari bahwa mikroorganisme yang menghuni saluran pencernaan manusia dapat memengaruhi kesehatan tubuh manusianya itu sendiri. Kemudian, ditemukan perbedaan komposisi jenis-jenis mikroorganisme pada usus manusia yang sehat dan yang mengalami stunting. Sehingga, terdapat hipotesis bahwa stunting dapat ditanggulangi dengan mengubah komposisi mikrobiota usus. Di Indonesia, berbagai jenis jamur pangan telah umum dikonsumsi. Jamur pangan tidak hanya mengandung serat pangan, vitamin dan mineral yang tinggi, namun juga telah dikenal memiliki efek immunomodulatory. Jamur pagan juga mengandung berbagai jenis karbohidrat yang berpotensi memiliki aktifitas prebiotik, seperti kitin, hemiselulosa, β- dan α- glukan, manan, xylan, dan galaktan. Sehingga jamur pangan dapat berpotensi memodulasi mikrobiota usus dan memberikan efek kesehatan terhadap tubuh manusia. Artikel ini akan menunjukkan beberapa kajian potensi prebiotik dari jamur pangan, potensinya dalam mengubah komposisi mikrobiota usus dan menanggulangi stunting. Artikel ini juga akan tantangan dalam penggunaan jamur pangan untuk menanggulangi stunting untuk memberikan potensi penelitian lebih lanjut di bidang ini.

Review

The review article "Edible mushroom potency to alleviate stunting through gut microbiota modulation: A review" addresses a highly pertinent public health issue, particularly in the Indonesian context where stunting prevalence remains a significant concern. The authors aptly highlight the long-term detrimental effects of stunting on child development, intelligence, adult productivity, and national human resource quality. This paper proposes a compelling and relatively novel approach to stunting alleviation by exploring the potential of edible mushrooms to modulate gut microbiota, thereby offering a promising dietary intervention strategy rooted in accessible food sources. The scientific rationale underpinning this review is well-articulated, drawing a clear line from nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases to stunting. Crucially, the abstract introduces the emerging understanding of the human gut microbiome's profound influence on health, noting the observed differences in microbial composition between healthy and stunted individuals. This forms the strong foundation for the hypothesis that targeted modulation of the gut microbiota could be a viable strategy against stunting. Edible mushrooms are strategically positioned as potent candidates for this modulation due to their rich nutritional profile (fiber, vitamins, minerals), immunomodulatory properties, and, most importantly, their diverse array of prebiotic carbohydrates such as chitin, hemicellulose, β- and α-glucans, mannan, xylan, and galactan. By integrating these diverse aspects, the review promises to offer a comprehensive analysis of the prebiotic potential of edible mushrooms, their capacity to alter gut microbiota composition, and their ultimate impact on mitigating stunting. The explicit inclusion of "challenges in the use of edible mushrooms to tackle stunting" is a particularly valuable aspect, signaling the authors' foresight in identifying critical gaps and potential barriers. This not only enhances the review's practical relevance by setting realistic expectations but also effectively outlines future research directions. Overall, this article is poised to be a significant contribution to the field, providing a robust scientific basis for exploring dietary interventions using commonly consumed ingredients to combat a widespread public health crisis.

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