Maira Guimarães, Renan Moreira Silva

Discurso político e saúde pública

Introduction

Discurso político e saúde pública. Analisa o discurso político na eleição de SP 2024, explorando o uso de acusações de cocaína para deslegitimar oponente. Aborda saúde pública, drogas, polarização e fake news.

Abstract

Este artigo investiga o uso da temática do consumo de cocaína como uma estratégia discursiva durante a campanha eleitoral de 2024 para a prefeitura de São Paulo, em que o político Pablo Marçal (Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro) utilizou a acusação de que seu adversário, Guilherme Boulos (Partido Socialismo e Liberdade), seria usuário de cocaína. A análise foca na construção do ethos de polêmica, conceito de Ruth Amossy (2012), e nas estratégias argumentativas utilizadas por Marçal para deslegitimar Boulos, estigmatizando-o como uma pessoa “doente” e “incompetente”. Ao fazer isso, Marçal busca desviar o debate sobre políticas públicas e saúde em torno das drogas, construindo um imaginário social negativo. A pesquisa, com base em uma análise qualitativa das falas de Marçal em debates políticos, utiliza os conceitos de ethos de polêmica e discurso político, propostos por Ruth Amossy (2012) e Patrick Charaudeau (2012), para compreender como as estratégias discursivas de Marçal influenciam a percepção pública sobre a questão das drogas e a construção de narrativas políticas. A hipótese é que, ao veicular fake news sobre o uso de drogas por Boulos, Marçal não só reforça uma polarização política, mas também contribui para uma visão distorcida da discussão sobre saúde pública e políticas de drogas no Brasil.

Review

This article presents a highly relevant and timely investigation into the intricate relationship between political discourse and public health, specifically examining how accusations of drug use are strategically deployed during electoral campaigns. Focusing on the 2024 São Paulo mayoral election, the paper analyzes the communicative strategies employed by Pablo Marçal against Guilherme Boulos, using the specific charge of cocaine use. The chosen case study is particularly pertinent, offering a contemporary lens into the weaponization of health-related issues in political contests. By drawing on established theoretical frameworks from Ruth Amossy (2012) and Patrick Charaudeau (2012), the work promises to contribute significantly to our understanding of the construction of argumentative ethos and its impact on public debate surrounding sensitive topics. The methodology outlined appears robust and well-suited for the study's objectives, proposing a qualitative analysis of Marçal's public statements within political debates. The core of the analysis rests on Amossy's concept of "ethos de polêmica," which is adeptly applied to dissect how Marçal constructs an antagonistic persona to delegitimize his opponent. The abstract details how these strategies aim to stigmatize Boulos as "doente" and "incompetente," effectively diverting attention from substantive policy discussions on drugs and public health and fostering a negative social imaginary. The paper's hypothesis — that the dissemination of "fake news" regarding drug use not only fuels political polarization but also distorts public discourse on crucial health policies — is both compelling and critical in the current information landscape. The explicit linking of political rhetoric to the shaping of public perception regarding drug issues underpins the scholarly rigor of this investigation. Overall, this article promises to be a valuable contribution to the fields of communication studies, political science, and public health. Its focus on the practical implications of political speech in shaping health narratives offers crucial insights into the challenges of fostering informed public debate. While the abstract effectively outlines the theoretical grounding and analytical scope, the full paper would benefit from a clear explanation of how "fake news" is identified and its impact quantified in the context of influencing public perception. Nonetheless, the research topic is critically important, particularly in a Brazilian context marked by intense political polarization and complex public health challenges related to drug policies. This study has the potential to illuminate dangerous trends in political communication and underscore the urgent need for a more evidence-based and less stigmatizing approach to public health discourse.

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