Marco Cecchi

Dimmi che iscrizioni hai e ti dirò chi sei. La memoria del casellario giudiziale e le sue ricadute giuridico-sociali. Un invito allo studio

Introduction

Dimmi che iscrizioni hai e ti dirò chi sei. La memoria del casellario giudiziale e le sue ricadute giuridico-sociali. Un invito allo studio. Il casellario giudiziale: strumento di controllo sociale e giustizia. Scopri le ricadute giuridico-sociali sui diritti fondamentali e la rieducazione, tra memoria giuridica e stigma.

Abstract

Il casellario giudiziale è uno strumento che agevola il controllo sociale e favorisce il mantenimento della sicurezza in società, facilitando la cooperazione informativa tra autorità. Inoltre, la conoscenza del curriculum giudiziario (spec. se criminale) di una persona, laddove questa sia sottoposta a giudizio, assicura pure una più corretta – cioè, una quanto più individualizzata possibile – amministrazione della giustizia al caso concreto. La circolazione dei dati iscritti nel casier judiciaire (dei criminal records in particolare) assume infine, e per gli scopi più sfaccettati, una peculiare pregnanza negli odierni assetti ordinamentali: orientati dalla trasparenza imposta dal c.d. capitalismo della sorveglianza. La visibilità del passato giuridicamente rilevante di un soggetto, tuttavia, porta con sé rischi e conseguenze lesive non indifferenti che impattano su diritti e libertà fondamentali di chi viene di fatto pregiudicato dall’esistenza di una certa iscrizione a carico. Se si ha riguardo all’art. 27 Cost., ad esempio, è sicuramente in contrasto con la presunzione di innocenza e col percorso rieducativo-risocializzante del condannato il pensiero ‘delinquente una volta, criminale per sempre’; eppure, tale idea stigmatizzante è il portato diretto di una fedina penale già macchiata. The criminal records system is an instrument that facilitates social oversight and supports the preservation of public security by enabling informational cooperation among authorities. Moreover, knowledge of an individual’s judicial history – particularly of any criminal background – when that person is subjected to judicial proceedings, ensures a more accurate administration of justice, that is, one that is as equitable and individualized as possible in the concrete case. The circulation of the data recorded in the casier judiciaire has acquired a distinctive significance in contemporary regulatory frameworks, which are shaped by the transparency demanded by the so-called “surveillance capitalism”. The visibility of a person’s legally relevant past, however, entails significant risks and detrimental consequences that impact the fundamental rights and freedoms of those who are effectively disadvantaged by the existence of a given entry concerning them. About Article 27 of the Italian Constitution, for instance, the thought that ‘once an offender, always a criminal’ is clearly incompatible with both the presumption of innocence and the rehabilitative and social-reintegration aims of punishment; but such a stigmatizing idea is the direct by-product of a tarnished criminal record.

Review

This paper, provocatively titled 'Dimmi che iscrizioni hai e ti dirò chi sei. La memoria del casellario giudiziale e le sue ricadute giuridico-sociali. Un invito allo studio,' addresses the complex and often contradictory role of the criminal records system (casellario giudiziale) in contemporary society. The abstract immediately establishes the dual nature of this instrument: on one hand, it functions as a vital tool for social control, public security, and ensuring a more individualized administration of justice through informational cooperation among authorities. On the other, it introduces significant risks, impacting fundamental rights and liberties, particularly in an era shaped by what the author terms 'surveillance capitalism' and its demand for transparency. The abstract articulates compelling arguments for both the utility and the detrimental consequences of the criminal records system. It highlights its benefits in facilitating a nuanced understanding of an individual's judicial history for judicial proceedings, potentially leading to more accurate and personalized justice. However, it pivots sharply to underscore the profound societal and legal repercussions of such visibility. The author specifically points to the inherent conflict between the enduring visibility of a past transgression and constitutional principles, such as the presumption of innocence and the rehabilitative aims enshrined in Article 27 of the Italian Constitution. The notion of 'once an offender, always a criminal,' which directly stems from a persistent criminal record, is effectively presented as a significant challenge to these foundational legal tenets and to the very possibility of social reintegration. This paper serves as an important 'invitation to study,' compellingly urging scholars and practitioners to critically examine the multifaceted implications of criminal records. Its strength lies in succinctly outlining the tension between the societal demands for security and transparency – amplified by surveillance capitalism – and the imperative to safeguard individual rights, prevent stigmatization, and uphold the principles of rehabilitative justice. By framing the discussion around these inherent conflicts, the paper effectively establishes a crucial agenda for further socio-legal research, particularly concerning how legal systems can navigate the historical memory of past offenses while fostering genuine opportunities for individual redemption and societal reintegration in the digital age.

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