Muhammad Ridwan, Asriwati Asriwati, Ramadhani Syafitri Nasution

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING HEPATITIS B IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE IN TODDLERS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE GAMBIR BARU HEALTH CENTER, ASAHAN REGENCY

Introduction

Analysis of factors affecting hepatitis b immunization coverage in toddlers in the working area of the gambir baru health center, asahan regency. Analyze factors affecting low Hepatitis B immunization coverage in toddlers at Gambir Baru Health Center, Asahan Regency. Trust, knowledge, attitude, and 'halal' beliefs are key. Insights for health workers.

Abstract

The coverage of Hepatitis B immunization in toddlers in the Gambir Baru Health Center Working Area in 2021 only reached 40.56%, far below the national target. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the low immunization coverage. The method used is a mix method with an explanatory research design, to be carried out in July-August 2025. The research sample amounted to 66 mothers who had toddlers, obtained through purposive sampling, and 11 informants consisting of key, main, and supporting informants. Quantitative data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (Chi-square), and multivariate (logistic regression) tests, while qualitative data used interactive analysis. The results showed that the majority of respondents were 36–45 years old (56.1%), had a high school education (53.0%), and worked as self-employed (37.9%). Factors of knowledge, attitude, trust, facilities, husband support, and health worker support affect immunization coverage. Multivariate analysis shows trust is the most dominant factor. Qualitatively, it was found that there is a public belief that the raw materials for Hepatitis B immunization are not halal, so many children are not immunized. It is suggested that the results of this study be a reference and evidence-based for students and health workers related to increasing immunization coverage.

Review

This manuscript addresses a critical public health issue: the alarmingly low Hepatitis B immunization coverage among toddlers in the Gambir Baru Health Center working area, which significantly lags behind national targets. The study aims to meticulously analyze the factors contributing to this shortfall, utilizing a mixed-methods approach to gain both breadth and depth in understanding. While the abstract indicates a study period in July-August 2025, which might suggest a planned study, the subsequent presentation of detailed results implies the research has already been conducted, a point that warrants clarification within the full paper. Methodologically, the combination of quantitative analysis from 66 mothers and qualitative insights from 11 diverse informants provides a robust framework for investigating complex health behaviors. The quantitative findings highlight several influential factors including knowledge, attitude, trust, facility access, and support from husbands and health workers. Crucially, multivariate analysis identifies trust as the most dominant factor. This is powerfully corroborated by the qualitative data, which unearths a specific and significant barrier: public belief regarding the non-halal origins of Hepatitis B immunization raw materials. This specific finding underscores the intricate interplay of cultural, religious, and health beliefs impacting immunization uptake. The study’s suggestion that its results serve as evidence-based reference for students and health workers is well-founded, given the clear identification of actionable factors. The prominence of "trust" and the specific concern about "halal" materials present a clear direction for targeted public health interventions. Future efforts should focus not just on general health education but specifically on addressing misinformation and building trust within communities, potentially through religious leaders or community advocates, to dispel myths about vaccine components. This research provides a vital foundation for developing culturally sensitive and effective strategies to improve Hepatitis B immunization coverage in similar low-resource settings.

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