Indah Mutiara Fadhillah, Khairunnisa Hidayati, Fatri Nur Hazana, Desi Lestari, Lia Fitriani, Lia Rahmi Anjani, Fahrurrozi

ADAPTASI MORFOLOGI DAN FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN PADI SAWAH TERHADAP CEKAMAN GENANGAN AIR

Introduction

Adaptasi morfologi dan fisiologis tanaman padi sawah terhadap cekaman genangan air. Tinjauan adaptasi morfologi & fisiologis padi sawah terhadap genangan air. Pelajari aerenkim, akar adventif, & gen SUB1A/SNORKEL1/2 untuk pemuliaan varietas toleran banjir.

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food crop in Indonesia whose production is highly vulnerable to flooding stress as a result of climate change. This article presents a systematic–narrative literature review examining scientific publications from the past ten years concerning the morphological and physiological responses of rice plants to flooding stress. The synthesis indicates that the main adaptive mechanisms of rice include the formation of aerenchyma tissue and adventitious roots, regulation of stem elongation (escape and quiescence strategies), and activation of anaerobic metabolism regulated by the SUB1A and SNORKEL1/2 genes. These mechanisms have been reported to enhance plant survival and maintain rice yield by approximately 20–40% compared with flood-intolerant varieties. An integrated understanding of these adaptive responses has important implications for the breeding of flood-tolerant rice varieties, adaptive water management in paddy fields, and the development of cultivation strategies in flood-prone areas to maintain rice production stability and support national food security amid climate change.

Review

This literature review addresses a critically important topic concerning the morphological and physiological adaptations of paddy rice to flooding stress, a significant threat to food security in Indonesia and other rice-producing regions due to climate change. The systematic-narrative approach employed to synthesize scientific publications from the past decade provides a timely and relevant overview of the current understanding in this field. The focus on identifying key adaptive mechanisms offers a valuable synthesis for researchers and practitioners alike, establishing a strong foundation for understanding rice resilience. The review effectively highlights the primary adaptive strategies employed by rice plants, including the development of aerenchyma tissue and adventitious roots, the sophisticated regulation of stem elongation through 'escape' and 'quiescence' strategies, and the crucial role of anaerobic metabolism modulated by genes like SUB1A and SNORKEL1/2. The authors effectively demonstrate how these mechanisms contribute to enhanced plant survival and maintain yield stability, reporting a notable 20–40% yield advantage in tolerant varieties. This consolidation of diverse findings into a coherent narrative is a significant strength, providing clarity on the complex interplay of these adaptive traits. The implications of this integrated understanding are far-reaching and highly pertinent. The review successfully articulates how insights into these adaptive responses can directly inform the development of flood-tolerant rice varieties through breeding programs, guide adaptive water management practices in paddy fields, and facilitate the design of effective cultivation strategies for flood-prone areas. Ultimately, this work underscores its relevance to maintaining national rice production stability and bolstering food security in the face of ongoing climate change, making it a valuable contribution to the agricultural and plant science literature.

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