IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
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IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems

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Cryptography
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Explore IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems. Cutting-edge research on secure computing, implementation, attacks, and countermeasures in hardware.

IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems Cover

Articles in this Journal

aLEAKator: HDL Mixed-Domain Simulation for Masked Hardware & Software Formal Verification

Verifying the security of masked hardware and software implementations, under advanced leakage models, remains a significant challenge, especially when accounting for glitches, transitions and CPU micro-architectural specifics. Existing ve...

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High-Performance SIMD Software for Spielman Codes in Zero-Knowledge Proofs

We present the first high-performance SIMD software implementation of Spielman codes for their use in polynomial commitment schemes and zero-knowledge proofs. Spielman codes, as used in the Brakedown framework, are attractive alternatives...

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Memory Optimizations of Wagner’s Algorithm with Applications to Equihash

The Generalized Birthday Problem (GBP) serves as a cornerstone for a broad spectrum of cryptanalytic research. The classical solution, Wagner’s k-tree algorithm (CRYPTO’02), is characterized by inherently high memory complexity. Subsequent...

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TSM+ and OTSM

Among the countermeasures against side-channel analysis attacks, masking offers formal security guarantees and composability, yet remains challenging to implement efficiently in hardware due to physical defaults like glitches and transitio...

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A Framework for designing High-Order Side-Channel Protected Hardware Implementations of ML-KEM

ML-KEM (formerly Kyber) has recently been adopted as FIPS 203 in the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process. While existing hardware implementations primarily optimize for performance, they often lack protections against si...

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AVX2 Implementation of QR-UOV for Modern x86 Processors

QR-UOV is a multivariate signature scheme selected as one of the candidates in the second round of the NIST PQC Additional Digital Signatures process. This paper presents software acceleration methods for QR-UOV optimized for modern x86 ar...

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TWFalcon: Triple-Word Arithmetic for Falcon

The post-quantum signature scheme Falcon is an attractive scheme for constrained devices due to its compactness and verification performance. However, it relies on floating-point arithmetic for signature generation, which - alongside physi...

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Lightweight PQ KEM and Hybrid MQTT Protocol for 8-bit AVR Sensor Nodes

Most PQC schemes remain too resource-intensive for ultra-constrained 8-bit AVR wireless sensor nodes. In this work, we present a comprehensive approach to practical lightweight PQC for such devices, covering scheme design, implementation o...

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Optimized Implementations of Keccak, Kyber, and Dilithium on the MSP430 Microcontroller

Post-Quantum cryptography (PQC) typically requires more memory and computational power than conventional public-key cryptography. Until now, most active research in PQC optimization for embedded devices has focused on 32-bit and 64-bit ARM...

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Improving ML-KEM and ML-DSA on OpenTitan

This work improves upon the instruction set extension proposed in the paper “Towards ML-KEM and ML-DSA on OpenTitan”, in short OTBNTW, for OpenTitan’s big number coprocessor OTBN. OTBNTW introduces a dedicated vector instruction for prime-...

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Accelerating HQC with Additive FFT

This paper presents an accelerated implementation of the Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC) key encapsulation mechanism by leveraging additive Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for polynomial multiplication (polymuls). A common challenge when applying...

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A Tool for Lightweight (AND, XOR) Implementations of Large-Degree S-boxes

We propose a new ad hoc automatic tool to look for lightweight implementations of non-linear functions on up to 7 variables. This tool is mainly aimed at finding implementations of arbitrary cryptographic S-boxes, with the goal of enabling...

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Lightening CROSS: Memory Optimized Implementations of CROSS

Digital signature schemes derived from non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs are rapidly gaining prominence within post-quantum cryptography. CROSS is a promising new code-based post-quantum digital signature scheme based on the NIZ...

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When Masking Multiplication Isn’t Enough: Exploiting Floating-Point Leakage in Falcon’s Pre-Image Computation

In this paper, we present an improved correlation power analysis (CPA) attack on the pre-image computation of the digital signature scheme Falcon. Our attack exploits new side-channel leakage that multiplication masking schemes fail to pro...

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NTT-PEEL: Bit Shift Side-Channel in FALCON’s Number Theoretic Transform

This work introduces a new single-trace side-channel attack against FALCON, a lattice-based post-quantum digital signature scheme recently selected for standardization by NIST. The proposed attacks exploit a new vulnerability in the in-pla...

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