Ika Suswanti, Yuda Turana, Woro Riyadina, Rohanah Rohanah

PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI TIDAK TERKONTROL: DATA SEKUNDER INDONESIAN FAMILY LIFE SURVEY 5

Introduction

Prevalensi dan faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian hipertensi tidak terkontrol: data sekunder indonesian family life survey 5. Temukan prevalensi hipertensi tidak terkontrol di Indonesia (64,5%) dan faktor risikonya, termasuk usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, gaya hidup, dan komorbiditas. Obesitas jadi faktor dominan dari data IFLS 5.

Abstract

                                                     ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension remains one of the main health problems in Indonesia. Low awareness, inadequate hypertension treatment, and increasing risk factors contribute to the rising incidence of uncontrolled hypertension in the country. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 5. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 5, conducted in 9 provinces, involving 4,566 weighted subjects. Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as individuals diagnosed with hypertension by a health worker but who still had high blood pressure based on the average of three blood pressure measurements, according to the JNC 8 guidelines. Demographic characteristics, mental health, lifestyle factors, and disease comorbidities were examined as independent variables. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to identify determinants of uncontrolled hypertension. Results: The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 64.5%. In the multivariate analysis, older age, female gender, lack of formal education, smoking, depression, low physical activity, obesity, and the presence of comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension (p < 0.05). Among these factors, obesity was identified as the most dominant risk factor (p < 0.05; Odds Ratio: 1.844).Conclusion: Obesity was identified as the most dominant risk factor associated with the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension.                                                  ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipertensi masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia. Rendahnya kesadaran, pengobatan hipertensi yang tidak memadai, dan meningkatnya faktor risiko berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya insiden hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol di negara ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prevalensi hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol dan faktor-faktor terkait dari Survei Kehidupan Keluarga Indonesia Gelombang 5.Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder Indonesian Family Life Survey 5, yang dilakukan di 9 provinsi, melibatkan 4.566 subjek tertimbang. Tekanan darah yang tidak terkontrol didefinisikan sebagai individu yang didiagnosis hipertensi oleh tenaga kesehatan tetapi masih memiliki tekanan darah tinggi berdasarkan rata-rata tiga pengukuran tekanan darah, menurut pedoman JNC 8. Karakteristik demografi, kesehatan mental, faktor gaya hidup, dan komorbiditas penyakit diperiksa sebagai variabel independen. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengidentifikasi determinan hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol. Hasil: Prevalensi hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol adalah 64,5%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan usia lanjut, jenis kelamin perempuan, kurangnya pendidikan formal, merokok, depresi, aktivitas fisik rendah, obesitas, serta adanya komorbiditas diabetes melitus dan hiperkolesterolemia secara signifikan berhubungan dengan hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol (p < 0,05). Di antara faktor-faktor tersebut, obesitas diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko paling dominan (p < 0,05; Rasio Odds: 1,844). Kesimpulan: Obesitas diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan prevalensi hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol.

Review

This study critically examines the prevalence and contributing factors to uncontrolled hypertension in Indonesia, a topic of significant public health importance given the rising burden of non-communicable diseases. By leveraging data from the extensive Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 5, the research addresses a crucial gap in understanding the complexities surrounding hypertension management within the country. The stated objective to determine both the prevalence and associated factors of uncontrolled hypertension is clear and directly relevant to informing national health strategies. The methodological approach, utilizing a cross-sectional design with a large, weighted secondary dataset from IFLS 5 (4,566 subjects across 9 provinces), lends substantial statistical power and generalizability to the findings. The definition of uncontrolled hypertension, grounded in JNC 8 guidelines and based on observed blood pressure measurements in individuals diagnosed with hypertension, is robust. The comprehensive selection of independent variables, spanning demographic characteristics, mental health, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities, allows for a holistic exploration of determinants. The study's results are striking, revealing a high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension at 64.5%, and identifying multiple significant associations through multivariate analysis, including older age, female gender, lower education, smoking, depression, low physical activity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Notably, obesity was pinpointed as the most dominant risk factor with an Odds Ratio of 1.844. The findings carry significant implications for public health and clinical practice in Indonesia. The alarmingly high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension underscores an urgent need for enhanced awareness campaigns, improved diagnostic protocols, and more effective treatment and management programs. The identification of specific, modifiable risk factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and particularly obesity, provides actionable targets for interventions. While the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes the establishment of causality, it robustly highlights strong associations that warrant further investigation, potentially through longitudinal studies or intervention trials. This research serves as a vital foundation for developing targeted public health policies aimed at curbing the rising incidence of uncontrolled hypertension and its associated complications in the Indonesian population.

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